Txoj Cai Kev Txhim Kho thiab Cov Txheej Txheem ntawm Industrial Recirculating Aquaculture System hauv Haiyan County
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev siv cov qoob loo tiv thaiv av thiab kev tsim cov dej hauv av thiab kev npaj puam hauv Haiyan County, thaj chaw aquaculture hauv Haiyan County tau maj mam txo. Raws li tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li "Ntau Cov Kev Pom Zoo rau Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho Ntsuab ntawm Aquaculture" sib koom ua ke los ntawm Ministry of Agriculture thiab Rural Affairs thiab cuaj lub luag haujlwm thiab cov haujlwm, ecologically noj qab haus huv aquaculture qauv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho nuv ntses yav tom ntej. Kev lag luam aquaculture, uas ua raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev mob siab, loj- nplai, thiab niaj hnub aquaculture, sawv cev rau cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau lub nroog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm aquaculture yav tom ntej.
I. Keeb kwm kev loj hlob thiab tam sim no cov xwm txheej ntawm Industrial Recirculating Aquaculture nyob rau hauv Haiyan County
Kev lag luam aquaculture hauv Nroog Haiyan tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob theem.
1. Muaj tsev cog khoom Aquaculture ntawm mos-Shelled vaub kib
Suav mos-shelled vaub kib, yog ib qho ntawm peb hom tsiaj txhu loj hauv lub nroog, tau cog qoob loo feem ntau siv ob- theem txheej txheem sib txuas cov tsev cog khoom thiab cov pas dej ua ntej xyoo 2020. Cov vaub kib me me tau loj hlob hauv tsev cog khoom, thaum feem ntau cov sub- cov neeg laus tau loj hlob hauv cov pas dej hauv qab cov neeg laus thiab cov pas dej. intensive kab lis kev cai), nrog ib feem me me siv ecological polyculture (cws-turtle polyculture, vaub kib-qhib- ntses polyculture, ntses- vaub kib polyculture, thiab nplej teb vaub kib kab lis kev cai). Hauv xyoo 2020, tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm cov tsev cog khoom muaj nyob hauv lub nroog yog 526,000 m², nrog rau cov vaub kib thiab cov khoom tsim tawm suav nrog 45% thiab 54% ntawm lub nroog tag nrho cov kev nuv ntses, feem. Tsev cog khoom vaub kib ua liaj ua teb hauv Nroog Haiyan tau pab txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb thiab nce cov neeg ua liaj ua teb cov nyiaj tau los ntau xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tau ntsib cov teeb meem zoo xws li cov qauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam dav dav, cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, ua rau muaj kev loj hlob tsis zoo. Txij xyoo 2020 txog 2021, tag nrho cov tsev cog khoom hauv nroog tau raug tshem tawm tag nrho, thiab kev kho dej thoob dej yug ntses tau txhawb nqa thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam.
2. Muaj Recirculating Aquaculture
Tam sim no, lub nroog tau tsim 10 qhov chaw tsim khoom siv dej ua dej ua ke nrog kev kho dej ua tiav. Raws li cov khoom tsim tawm, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: kev lag luam ntses ua liaj ua teb (6 qhov chaw) nrog cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntawm 200 tons ntawm cov khoom hauv dej; thiab kev cog qoob loo (5 qhov chaw) nrog cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntawm 1.5 billion cw kib. Ntawm lawv, Zhejiang Jinyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., raws li qhov loj - nplai siab- zoo cog qoob loo hauv Zhejiang Province, tab tom ua ib qhov kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis rau cov ntses thiab cw seedling yug me nyuam los txhim kho qib ntse ntawm cov yub cog qoob loo. Australian Silver Perch Seedling Breeding and Production Demonstration Base nta Australian silver perch broodstock yug me nyuam thiab cog qoob loo. Jiaxing Fuju Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., raws li ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv Zhejiang xeev txoj kev ua liaj ua teb "dual zog" teg num, yog tsim ib tug tag nrho kev lag luam saw txoj kev loj hlob qauv npog xiav cws yug me nyuam, cultivation, thiab ua.
II. Cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm
1. Cov cuab yeej siv siab nqis peev thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam
Kev lag luam recirculating aquaculture system yuav tsum muaj peev txheej tseem ceeb nyob rau theem pib rau kev tsim kho vaj tse, nrog rau thaj av, cov tsev tsim khoom, cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab, thiab kev teeb tsa cov cuab yeej ua tiav thiab cov chaw. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, cov nqi cog qoob loo, hluav taws xob, khoom noj, kev tswj hwm, thiab lwm yam tseem xav tau kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag ntau, cuam tshuam cov neeg ua liaj ua teb me me. Qhov kev nkag siab siab no ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov qauv aquaculture recirculating.
2. Tag Nrho Cov Qib Ntau Lawm Xav Tau Kev Txhim Kho
Tam sim no, kev lag luam aquaculture tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom: ntws-los ntawm aquaculture, semi- kaw recirculating aquaculture, thiab tag nrho kaw recirculating aquaculture. Vim muaj kev kub ntxhov los ntawm cov nqi kho dej, Lub Nroog Haiyan feem ntau yog siv ib nrab - kaw recirculating aquaculture. Thaum lub sij hawm cultivation, tag nrho cov dej lub cev circulates thiab ntws. Tom qab ib lub voj voog cog qoob loo, cov dej tawm mus rau sab nraum zoov "peb- pas dej, ob- dam" tailwater kho cov pas dej. Tom qab ua tau raws li cov qauv, cov dej tawm los yog rov ua dua. Qee qhov chaw muaj kev lag luam muaj tsawg dua cov cuab yeej siv, tso siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm qis dua.
3. Kev paub tsis txaus thiab kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm hauv Recirculating Aquaculture
Feem ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm recirculating aquaculture hauv Haiyan County tsis tau txais kev cob qhia kev cob qhia. Lawv tshawb nrhiav thiab sau cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev xyaum tsim khoom, tsis muaj kev paub txog kev cog qoob loo thiab kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Noj Qinshan Lvzhiguo Tsev Neeg Ua liaj ua teb hauv Haiyan County ua piv txwv, lawv tau txais kev lag luam recirculating aquaculture rau grouper. Xyoo 2021, vim yog kev ua haujlwm tsis raug los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov neeg ua haujlwm, 2 tons ntawm pawg uas tau mus txog kev lag luam loj tuag los ntawm hypoxia, ua rau muaj kev poob loj.
III. Cov tswv yim ua haujlwm tam sim no thiab cov lus qhia txog kev ntsuas ntsuas
1. Sib koom ua ke ntau yam peev txheej thiab txhawb txoj cai txhawb nqa
Ua ntej, muab cov kev cai lij choj. Raws li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag hauv Nroog Haiyan, lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke kev lag luam recirculating aquaculture facility kev tsim kho nrog tsoom fwv teb chaws infrastructure transformation thiab kev ua liaj ua teb technology extension, yog li txo lub nra ntawm industrial recirculating aquaculture qhauj. Thib ob, tsim cov peev txheej platform. Raws li kev lag luam layout thiab kev txhim kho orientation, qhia siab - zoo muaj recirculating aquaculture qhauj, seedling ntau lawm qhauj, thiab zoo heev txuj ci los txhim kho lub zog thiab mos ntawm niaj hnub nuv ntses kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv Haiyan County.
2. Txhim khu kev muaj peev xwm los ntawm ntau txoj kev thiab txhawb kev tshawb fawb thiab ua qauv qhia
Ua ntej, kev tshawb fawb- tsav mus kom ze. Raws li kev lag luam aquaculture nyob rau hauv Haiyan County, ntiav cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab caw cov kws paub txog kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam recirculating aquaculture raws li cov kws pab tswv yim, thiab npaj cov phiaj xwm kev cob qhia kom txuas ntxiv txhim kho qib kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Thib ob, thev naus laus zis- tsav mus kom ze. Txhawb kom muaj kev lag luam recirculating aquaculture cov tswv lag luam kom ceev cov kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev siv cov phiaj xwm, tsim kom muaj kev lag luam recirculating aquaculture kev lag luam koom haum hauv Haiyan County, ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib pauv, thiab tsim kev sib koom ua ke los txhim kho tag nrho cov kev lag luam qib thiab lub zog. Thib peb, txhim kho ntau yam- tsav mus kom ze. Qhia ntau yam tsim nyog rau kev lag luam aquaculture, npaj kev ncig xyuas mus rau Shandong, Liaoning, Guangdong, thiab lwm thaj chaw, thiab caw cov neeg ua lag luam recirculating aquaculture los ntawm sab nraud lub xeev los pauv hauv Haiyan County, ua kom muaj ntau yam rau kev lag luam aquaculture thiab txhim kho kev ua liaj ua teb.
3. Tsim cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam Aquaculture
Feem ntau cov chaw lag luam aquaculture hauv Haiyan County muaj qib automation qis, nrog ntau cov haujlwm tseem ua tiav manually. Ntawm ib sab, cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem qhia tau, thiab cov chaw lag luam aquaculture recirculating dej hauv zos tuaj yeem raug txhawb kom hloov kho lawv cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov cuab yeej siv, xws li kev siv cov khoom siv tsis siv neeg, cov tshuab txiav tsis siv neeg, cov khoom siv dej khib nyiab tsis siv neeg, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ua kom cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, koom tes nrog cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab, thiab ua kom nrawm rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, cov cuab yeej siv, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tsim nyog rau kev lag luam aquaculture hauv zos, txo cov khoom lag luam thiab cov nqi pib nqis peev.
3. Tsim cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam Aquaculture
Feem ntau cov chaw lag luam aquaculture hauv Haiyan County muaj qib automation qis, nrog ntau cov haujlwm tseem ua tiav manually. Ntawm ib sab, cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem qhia tau, thiab cov chaw lag luam aquaculture recirculating dej hauv zos tuaj yeem raug txhawb kom hloov kho lawv cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov cuab yeej siv, xws li kev siv cov khoom siv tsis siv neeg, cov tshuab txiav tsis siv neeg, cov khoom siv dej khib nyiab tsis siv neeg, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ua kom cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, koom tes nrog cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab, thiab ua kom nrawm rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, cov cuab yeej siv, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tsim nyog rau kev lag luam aquaculture hauv zos, txo cov khoom lag luam thiab cov nqi pib nqis peev.
4. Txhim khu kev noj qab haus huv Aquaculture Management thiab ua raws txoj kev ntawm Green Development
Ua ntej, kev saib xyuas cov dej khib nyiab. suav nrog cov tswv lag luam recirculating aquaculture hauv kev tswj hwm. Tam sim no, kev lag luam recirculating aquaculture hauv Haiyan County raug kaw ib nrab -. Tom qab txhua lub voj voog kev cog qoob loo, cov aquaculture tailwater yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej tso tawm lossis rov ua dua. Txhim khu kev saib xyuas kom tsis txhob tso tawm ncaj qha. Thib ob, cov khoom lag luam hauv dej zoo thiab kev saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb. Kev lag luam aquaculture yog qhov kaw dej ecosystem, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev tswj hwm yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Txhim kho cov khoom lag luam hauv dej kom zoo saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj residue los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov kev lag luam.