Kev loj hlob kev ua tau zoo thiab dej zoo tswj Technology ntawm cov ntses dej qab zib hauv Recirculating Aquaculture System
Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev siv zog hauv kev lag luam aquaculture thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kom nruj zuj zus, cov qauv aquaculture tsoos tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem xws li kev ua qias tuaj, dej pov tseg, thiab cov khoom lag luam poob qis. Lub Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), raws li hom tshiab ntawm aquaculture txoj kev, muaj qhov zoo xws li kev txuag dej, kev txuag av, kev ntim khoom siab, kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig, thiab txo cov dej ntws tawm. Nws ua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub teb chaws tam sim no rau kev lag luam ncig thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo qis emissions, sawv cev rau cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam aquaculture thiab tau dhau los ua qauv tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv RAS, cov dej aquaculture yog recirculated tom qab lub cev pom, lom purification, aeration, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam kev kho mob, xav kom lub kaw lus kom tsis tu ncua dej zoo tej yam kev mob tsim nyog rau ntses loj hlob. Raws li qhov chaw ncaj qha rau cov ntses ciaj sia, kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam dej tsis zoo ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub cev kev ua haujlwm, metabolic efficiency, thiab kab mob tsis kam ntawm cov ntses, thaum kawg tshwm sim raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev loj hlob. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv - kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tob ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov dej zoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntses dej tshiab hauv RAS tuav cov theoretical thiab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho aquaculture efficiency thiab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv kev lag luam.
1 Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Recirculating Aquaculture System
Tus qauv recirculating aquaculture yog ib txoj kev ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv uas kab lis kev cai dej yog recirculated tom qab kev kho mob los ntawm lub cev, tshuaj, thiab lom cov txheej txheem lim. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm recirculating aquaculture technology tau pib ua ntej txawv teb chaws. Hauv xyoo 1960, cov tebchaws xws li Tebchaws Meskas, Netherlands, thiab Denmark tau pib cov kev tshawb fawb ntsig txog. Tebchaws Meskas feem ntau siv nws rau kev ua liaj ua teb zaj sawv, kab txaij ntses bass thaj tsam, thiab ntses bass thaj tsam dub; Lub Netherlands feem ntau siv nws rau European eel thiab African catfish; Denmark's recirculating aquaculture txheej txheem yog ib qho sab nraum zoov ib nrab- kaw qhov system feem ntau yog siv los ua zaj sawv trout.
Tuam Tshoj qhia tawm txawv teb chaws recirculating aquaculture technology thiab chaw nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1980s. Vim muaj kev nqis peev ntau thiab cov nqi khiav haujlwm, feem ntau ntawm cov chaw qhia tau raug tso tseg sai. Nyob rau hauv 1988, lub Fishery Machinery thiab Instrument Research Institute ntawm Tuam Tshoj Academy ntawm Fishery Sciences, kos duab rau West German tshuab, tsim thiab tsim Tuam Tshoj thawj recirculating aquaculture ntau lawm Rhiav. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Suav cov kws tshawb fawb xws li Qu Keming tau npaj siab, nruab nrab, thiab qis-theem recirculating aquaculture technology qauv raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm ntau hom kev lag luam aquaculture thiab txhawb lawv nyob rau hauv ntug hiav txwv; Liu Bo los ntawm Heilongjiang Provincial Fisheries Technology Extension Station tau npaj "khoom" recirculating aquaculture technology thiab qauv; Xib fwb He Xugang los ntawm Huazhong Agricultural University tau npaj lub pas dej "zero- tso tawm" ntsuab thiab ua tau zoo "tus neeg raug kaw" aquaculture qauv.
Recirculating aquaculture qauv feem ntau muab faib ua hom xws li "raceway," "container," thiab "captive." Ua tus qauv "raceway" aquaculture qauv ua piv txwv, nws muaj cov dej ntws- los ntawm lub tank, qhov chaw khaws cov khib nyiab, cov chaw aeration, cov chaw hloov pauv, thaj chaw huv, thaj chaw ntub dej, thiab lwm yam. Qhov me me -dej- lub cev dej- thawb thaj chaw aquaculture muaj xws li cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tuav 2%-5% ntawm thaj chaw pas dej. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov dej ntws hauv tsev-los ntawm cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tank yog feem ntau 20 m ntev, 4 m dav, thiab 2.5 m siab, nrog 1-2 tanks teem rau 6670 m² ntawm lub cev dej. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov dej- thawb cov khoom siv aeration. Cov khoom siv thaum ntxov tau siv cov cuab yeej impeller rau cov dej thawb thiab cov cuab yeej aeration rau oxygenation, tab sis tam sim no feem ntau siv cov cua{19}} nqa cov cuab yeej muaj xws li tshuab tshuab, microporous aeration raj, thiab baffles. Feem ntau, ob qhov sib txuas sib txuas hauv cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg uas muaj qhov ntim ntawm 10 m³ yog tsim rau txhua peb lub tso tsheb hlau luam, muab tso rau tom qab kawg ntawm cov dej ntws tawm - los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam rau khaws cov khib nyiab los ntawm thaj chaw kab lis kev cai. Qhov loj - dej- lub cev ecological purification cheeb tsam occupies 95% -98% ntawm lub pas dej cheeb tsam, nrog dikes dikes thiab dej tob tshaj 2 m. Thaj chaw no feem ntau yog cov kab lis kev cai lim- pub ntses, nrog rau cov nroj tsuag hauv dej tswj ntawm 20% -30% ntawm thaj chaw huv. Nws yog nruab nrog paddlewheel aerators, impeller aerators, yoj- ua tshuab, thiab lwm yam., thiab kev npaj microbial ntxiv raws li qhov tsim nyog.
2 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Recirculating Aquaculture Model ntawm Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Cov Ntses Dej Ntshiab
2.1 Kev Loj Hlob
Tus qauv recirculating aquaculture tuaj yeem muab qhov chaw loj hlob ruaj khov rau cov ntses dej tshiab, uas pab txhim kho kev loj hlob. Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb hauv pas dej ib txwm muaj, cov dej zoo cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm ib puag ncig ib puag ncig xws li kub thiab dej nag, uas tuaj yeem ua rau dej tsis zoo thiab cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntses. Nyob rau hauv recirculating aquaculture qauv, cov dej zoo tswj qhov system muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov dej ruaj khov tsis zoo xws li dej kub, yaj oxygen, thiab pH tus nqi, tsim kom muaj kev loj hlob zoo rau cov ntses. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "kev sib tw" aquaculture qauv, cov dej ntws nrawm hauv qhov ntws - los ntawm lub tank tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm dej - thawb cov khoom siv aeration. Kev nrawm nrawm nrawm tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ntses txav, txhim kho lub cev qoj ib ce, nce kev noj zaub mov, thiab ua kom loj hlob.
2.2 Pub siv tus nqi
Tus qauv recirculating aquaculture tuaj yeem txhim kho kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov ntses dej tshiab. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm aquaculture, tom qab pub yog dispensed, ib co pub dab dej mus rau hauv qab yam tsis tau noj, ua pov tseg. Lub caij no, cov khoom noj uas nkag mus rau hauv qab decomposes los tsim cov khoom tsis zoo, cuam tshuam rau cov dej zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub recirculating aquaculture qauv, vim cov nyhuv ntawm cov dej ntws, pub tau zoo dispersed nyob rau hauv dej, ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau ntses noj, yog li txo cov khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw kho mob xws li biofilters nyob rau hauv recirculating aquaculture system yuav tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem xws li cov khoom seem thiab cov quav los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai dej, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem xws li ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen hauv dej. Qhov no txo cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb meem no rau lub plab zom mov thiab nqus dej ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntses, yog li txhim kho kev noj zaub mov.
2.3 Khoom Zoo
Tus qauv recirculating aquaculture pab txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov ntses dej tshiab. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm aquaculture, ntses yog raug rau cov kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob xws li cab thiab kab mob, ua rau muaj kab mob tshwm sim thiab cuam tshuam rau cov khoom zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv recirculating aquaculture, kev ntsuas xws li kev tswj dej zoo thiab tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej, txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob ntses. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev loj hlob zoo ib puag ncig ntawm cov ntses nyob rau hauv cov qauv recirculating aquaculture txo qhov tsim cov ntxhiab tsw xws li av nkos tsw, txhim kho saj thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom.
3 Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Txheej Txheem ntawm Kev Tswj Dej Zoo hauv Cov Qauv Ua Lag Luam Aquaculture Recirculating
3.1 Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
3.1.1 Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved oxygen yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntses. Ntses xav tau oxygen txaus rau kev ua pa thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob. Cov pa oxygen tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob qeeb, txo kev tiv thaiv, thiab txawm tuag. Feem ntau, cov pa oxygen yaj hauv cov kab dej hauv cov thoob dej yug ntses yuav tsum tau khaws cia siab dua 5 mg / L.
3.1.2 Ammonia Nitrogen
Ammonia nitrogen yog ib qho ntawm cov pa phem tseem ceeb hauv dej aquaculture, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov ntses excrement thiab decomposition ntawm residual pub. Ammonia nitrogen muaj tshuaj lom heev rau cov ntses, ua rau cov nqaij pob txha puas, lub paj hlwb, thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog, cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab kev ciaj sia. Ammonia nitrogen concentration hauv recirculating aquaculture systems yuav tsum tau tswj hauv qab 0.5 mg / L.
3.1.3 Nitrite Nitrogen
Nitrite nitrogen yog ib qho khoom nruab nrab uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm nitrification ntawm ammonia nitrogen thiab muaj qee yam toxicity. Nitrite nitrogen ua ke nrog hemoglobin hauv cov ntshav ntses, txo nws cov pa oxygen - nqa lub peev xwm thiab ua rau hypoxia thiab ua tsis taus pa hauv cov ntses. Nitrite nitrogen concentration nyob rau hauv recirculating aquaculture systems yuav tsum tau tswj hauv qab no 0.1 mg / L.
3.1.4 pH Tus nqi
pH tus nqi yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog lub acidity los yog alkalinity ntawm dej thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau ntses loj hlob thiab physiological functions. Tus nqi pH hauv recirculating aquaculture systems yuav tsum tswj ntawm 7.0 thiab 8.5.
3.2 Txoj Kev Tswj Dej Zoo
3.2.1 Kev Tswj Lub Cev
Kev tswj lub cev feem ntau suav nrog kev ntsuas xws li pom, sedimentation, thiab aeration. Kev lim dej yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau tshem tawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov khoom me me ntawm dej. Cov cuab yeej siv pom feem ntau suav nrog cov ntxaij lim dej microscreen thiab cov xuab zeb lim. Sedimentation siv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus los daws cov khoom hauv cov dej mus rau hauv qab, yog li purifying dej zoo. Aeration yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nce cov pa oxygen hauv dej. Cov cuab yeej siv aeration feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuab tshuab, paddlewheel aerators, thiab impeller aerators.
3.2.2 Chemical Control
Kev tswj tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau yog ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau hauv dej kom tswj cov dej zoo. Piv txwv li, thaum ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen concentrations nyob rau hauv dej siab dhau lawm, nitrifying kab mob yuav muab ntxiv los txhawb nitrification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen; Thaum tus nqi pH dej tsawg dhau lawm, Quicklime tuaj yeem siv los nce tus nqi pH.
3.2.3 Kev Tswj Xyuas Kab Mob
Kev tswj kev lom neeg siv cov kab mob, cov nroj tsuag dej, thiab lwm yam kab mob los ntxuav cov dej kom zoo. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem decompose cov organic teeb meem hauv dej, hloov cov khoom tsis zoo xws li ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo. Feem ntau siv cov tshuaj microbial muaj xws li cov kab mob photosynthetic, Bacillus, thiab cov kab mob nitrifying. Cov nroj tsuag dej muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov as-ham xws li nitrogen thiab phosphorus los ntawm dej, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm eutrophication, thaum tseem muab chaw nyob thiab shading rau ntses. Cov nroj tsuag hauv dej muaj xws li dej hyacinth, alligator weed, thiab elodea.
4 Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntses dej qab zib thiab dej zoo tswj hauv Recirculating Aquaculture Model
4.1 Dissolved Oxygen thiab Kev Loj Hlob Ua Haujlwm
Thaum yaj cov pa oxygen hauv dej txaus, cov ntses ua pa ib txwm ua haujlwm, cov metabolism hauv lub cev muaj zog, kev noj zaub mov nce ntxiv, thiab kev loj hlob sai. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov metabolism hauv qeeb qeeb, thiab kev loj hlob qeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub recirculating aquaculture qauv, tsim nyog aeration ntsuas tswj ruaj khov yaj cov pa oxygen nyob rau hauv dej, muab ib qho chaw ua pa zoo rau cov ntses thiab txhawb lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.
4.2 Ammonia Nitrogen, Nitrite Nitrogen thiab Kev Loj Hlob Ua Haujlwm
Ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen yog cov tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv aquaculture dej uas ua phem rau ntses loj hlob thiab ciaj sia taus. Cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm ammonia nitrogen ua rau cov nqaij ntses gill, cuam tshuam rau kev ua pa; lawv kuj ua rau lub paj hlwb thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov ntses, txo lawv cov kab mob tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv recirculating aquaculture, cov kev kho mob xws li biofilters tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen tam sim ntawd los ntawm dej, txo lawv cov tshuaj lom rau cov ntses thiab ua kom cov ntses noj qab nyob zoo.
4.3 pH Tus nqi thiab kev loj hlob
pH tus nqi muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntses thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Cov hom ntses sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv rau pH tus nqi. Nyob rau hauv lub recirculating aquaculture qauv, tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej yog tsis tu ncua kev ntsuam xyuas, thiab coj mus kuaj ntsuas raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas.
5 Txoj Kev Txhim Kho Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Sib Tw ntawm Recirculating Aquaculture Model
5.1 Kev Txawj Ntse thiab Precision Development Direction
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam, cov ntaub ntawv loj, thiab cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, cov qauv kev rov ua dej thoob dej yug ntses tau hloov mus rau kev txawj ntse thiab qhov tseeb. Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke xws li kev saib xyuas dej hauv online, kev pub mis tsis siv neeg, thiab kev tswj cov khoom siv, kev tswj xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ib puag ncig thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua tiav.
5.2 Tsawg-Carbon Environmental Protection thiab Sustainable Development Path
Tus qauv recirculating aquaculture ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm qis -carbon ib puag ncig tiv thaiv thiab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov los ntawm kev txuag dej, txuag hluav taws xob, thiab txo cov pa phem. Cov kev siv zog yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem kho dej, txo kev siv hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi, thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, lub zog tauj dua tshiab xws li hnub ci thiab cua tshuab tuaj yeem siv los muab hluav taws xob, txo cov pa roj carbon monoxide; microbial roj cell technology tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tau txais kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov dej khib nyiab, tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke "kev ua liaj ua teb- zog- kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig".
5.3 Kev Sib Tw thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv
Tus qauv recirculating aquaculture tam sim no tseem ntsib cov teeb meem xws li kev nqis peev siab, kev nyuaj, thiab kev tswj xyuas siab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho tshiab kom txo tau qhov kev tsim kho thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam; txhim kho cov txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb txhawm rau txhim kho qib kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb; thiab ntxiv dag zog rau txoj cai kev txhawb nqa thiab kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag los txhawb kev siv cov qauv ntawm cov dej hauv cov neeg nyob deb nroog.
6 Xaus thiab Outlook
Tus qauv recirculating aquaculture, los ntawm kev tswj xyuas dej kom zoo, tswj cov qib ruaj khov ntawm cov dej tsis zoo xws li cov pa oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, thiab pH nqi. Qhov no muab qhov chaw loj hlob zoo rau cov ntses dej tshiab, txhim kho lawv txoj kev loj hlob, pub siv tus nqi, thiab cov khoom zoo. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv cov kev siv ntawm cov qauv recirculating aquaculture, tseem muaj teeb meem xws li cov khoom pov tseg tsis zoo vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kab lis kev cai tank qauv ntawm cov yam ntxwv hydrodynamic, thiab tsis ruaj khov kho efficiency ntawm biofilters. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum ua kom zoo dua cov kab lis kev cai tank qauv los txhim kho cov khoom pov tseg; ntxiv dag zog rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev loj hlob ntawm biofilm kev tswj hwm thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov dej ntws los txhim kho kev kho mob ntawm biofilters; Tib lub sijhawm, muab cov thev naus laus zis ntse kom ua tiav - lub sijhawm saib xyuas thiab tsis siv neeg tswj cov dej tsis zoo, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tshawb fawb thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov qauv aquaculture recirculating, thiab txhawb kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam dej ntses dej ntses.