Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Siv MBBR Systems ntawm Cov Kub Kub Kub
Txheej txheem cej luam
Cov txheej txheem Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem siv biofilm pov tseg tam sim no. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem activated sludge, MBBR muaj qhov zoo xws li cov dej ntws zoo, muaj zog tiv thaiv kev poob siab, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau sludge rov qab los yog rov qab ntxuav. Thaum lub sij hawm qis - kub nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb toj siab, huab cua kub tuaj yeem poob qis dua 5 degree, thiab dej kub tuaj yeem poob qis dua 15 degree. Qhov ntsuas kub qis tuaj yeem ua rau tsis yog- ua raws li cov ntsuas cov dej ntws tawm xws li Tshuaj Siv Tshuaj Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, thiab tag nrho nitrogen hauv MBBR systems. Biofilm nitrogen tshem tawm suav nrog aerobic nitrification thiab anoxic denitrification, thiab kub yog ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem no. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias txo, tus nqi nitrification ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov tshuab ua kom cov sludge maj mam poob, nrog rau qhov txo qis hauv nitrification peev xwm thaum kub poob qis dua 8 degree. Kab lus no tau piav qhia meej txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm MBBR cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv qis - qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm cov xwm txheej xws li cov zej zog microbial, cov cuab yeej txhim kho cov cuab yeej, thiab cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas thiab kev tswj xyuas, muab cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv ntxiv.
1. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Cov Zej Zog Microbial hauv qis-Tub kub MBBR Systems
Tam sim no, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab yog kev kho mob lom.Tsis tshua muaj kub nyob rau lub caij ntuj no (tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 15 degree) inhibit qhov kev ua ntawm nitrifying kab mob nyob rau hauv bioreactors, cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem nitrification thiab txwv lub zog lub peev xwm tshem tawm nitrogen.. Nitrifying kab mob yog autotrophic nrog lub sij hawm ntev mus thiab yog rhiab rau qhov kub thiab txias hloov, nrog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev loj hlob kub ntawm 20-35 degree.
1.1 Microbial Activity
Biofilms nyob rau hauv MBBR reactors loj hlob txuas rau cov chaw nqa khoom, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob nrog rau lub sijhawm ntev, yog li ua kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrifying kab mob hauv lub cev. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem activated sludge, MBBR nthuav tawm muaj zog nitrification kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau nws dav siv nyob rau hauv qis -kub dej khib nyiab. Tsis tshua muaj kub yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm nitrification ntawm lub reactor no. Qhov kub thiab txias ua rau txo qis cell membrane fluidity thiab enzyme catalysis, txo cov khoom thauj thiab metabolic tus nqi, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nucleic acid theem nrab cov qauv thiab inhibiting DNA replication, mRNA transcription, thiab txhais lus. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias poob qis dua qhov chaw khov cytoplasmic, cov dej khov nab kuab tsim nyob rau hauv cov hlwb, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Qiu Tian et al. qhia tiascov ammonia oxidation thiab nitrite oxidation kev ua ub no ntawm MBBR biofilm ntawm 10℃yog 55% thiab 56% ntawm cov ntawm 20 degree, feem.. Zheng Zhijia et al. kuaj cov nitrification tus nqi ntawm activated sludge nyob rau hauvKev kho dej khib nyiab hauv lub caij ntuj sov (20 degree) thiab lub caij ntuj no (8 degree), pom tias ammonia nitrogen nitrification tus nqi ntawm 8℃yog 48.5% ntawm qhov ntawd ntawm 20 degree.. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub peev xwm nitrification ntawm biochemical tank suav nrog ob yam: thawj zaug, qhov kub tsis tshua muaj cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob nitrifying cov zej zog, thiab qhov thib ob, qhov kub thiab txias ntev ntev txo cov pej xeem ntawm cov kab mob nitrifying hauv cov activated sludge.
1.2 Kev Sib Tw Hauv Zej Zog Microbial
Raws li cov kab mob nitrifying yog autotrophic, lwm cov zej zog microbial cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem nitrification thiab sib tw nrog cov kab mob nitrifying. Houweling et al. ua MBBR cov txheej txheem kev sim, qhia tias ntawm 4 degree, MBBR muaj qee qhov muaj peev xwm nitrification, tab sis kev loj hlob ntau dhau ntawm cov kab mob heterotrophic hauv lub cev txo qis nitrification rau qee qhov. Shao Shuhai et al. qhia tias cov nyhuv tshem tawm nitrogen ntawm ib zaug -theem MBBR tsis zoo vim yog kev sib tw ntawm cov kab mob nitrifying thiab heterotrophic. Han Wenjie et al. tau kawm txog kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog microbial thiab cov qauv kev faib khoom lom hauv cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab uas siv MBBR hybrid txheej txheem thaum lub caij ntuj sov qis, pom tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob microbial nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv biofilms raug tshem tawm tsawg dua li hauv cov kab mob activated sludge los ntawm tib lub cev, nrog cov tsiaj tsis sib xws. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom raug tshem tawm tau txhim kho microbial ntau haiv neeg hauv lub cev, thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab kev ua haujlwm tau muaj qee yam kev xaiv ntawm microbial zej zog muaj pes tsawg leeg. Wu Han et al. simulated kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv tsev siv peb qhov sib txuas ua ke MBBR reactors nrog ntau hom muab tub lim. Los ntawm maj mam txo qhov kub thiab txias (25, 20, 15, 10, 6, thiab 5 degree) kom loj hlob thiab ua kom cov biofilms qis qis, lawv pom tias cov kab mob sib txawv muaj nyob hauv peb lub reactors. Siab-throughput sequencing cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias ntawm 5 degree, cov kab mob uas degrading organic teeb meem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv tag nrho peb lub reactors; ib lub reactor ua tau zoo thiab txhawb cov kab mob psychrophilic nitrifying kab mob, thaum lwm tus muaj cov nitrogen ntau dua - kho cov kab mob tsis zoo rau kev tshem tawm nitrogen.
1.3 Acclimation ntawm Psychrophilic Microorganisms
Lub tshuab acclimation thiab enrichment txhim khu kev qha rau qis -kub dominant microbial zej zogyog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm MBBR nyob rau hauv qis - qhov kub thiab txias. Los ntawm kev txhim kho induction thiab optimized cultivation, cov neeg tseem ceeb tau soj ntsuam thiab siv, siv lub siab ntev ntawm cov microbial cov zej zog kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, muab ntev - lub sij hawm stability. Wang Dan et al. pom tias nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no qis- qhov kub thiab txias, ntxiv cov activated sludge uas muaj txias- cov zej zog ua kom muaj kab mob microbial kom ua tiav cov activated sludge-biofilm symbiotic hybrid bioreactor muaj qhov zoo xws li kev pib sai, sai sai biofilm tsim, thiab kev kho mob ruaj khov. Delatolla et al. tshawb pom tias decarbonizing lub kaw lus ntawm 1℃nce nitrifying active biomass, thickened lub biofilm, ua tau zoo nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov cell siv tau thaum lub sij hawm qis - kub ua hauj lwm, thiab txhim kho lub system cov nitrification kev ua tau zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, TSIS MUAJ, N₂H₄, NH₂OH, thiab lwm yam, yog cov intermediates tseem ceeb uas txhawb cov txheej txheem anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) thiab alleviate inhibition of anammox bacteria by NO₂. Zekker li al., nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb no kho siab -concentration wastewater (ammonia nitrogen concentration 740 mg/L) nrog ib tug MBBR system, pom tau hais tias ntxiv NO ua rau kom cov txheej txheem anmmox, thiab cov abundance ntawm ammonia- oxidizing kab mob nce proportionally thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm.
2. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Txhim Kho Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob rau MBBR ntawm Qhov Kub Kub
Kev xaiv ntawm MBBR muab tub lim yog ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no rau kev kho dej khib nyiab thiab qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo thiab cov nqi engineering. Feem ntau siv cov fillers xws li honeycomb fillers, semi-soft fillers, thiab composite fillers, thiab lwm yam. Kev siv tswv yim yuav ntsib teeb meem xws li muab tub lim clogging, agglomeration, thiab aging. Nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias, kev tsim biofilm ntawm MBBR muab tshuaj yog qeeb dua, muaj peev xwm ua rau lub sijhawm pib cov cuab yeej siv sijhawm ntev, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ib txwm ua, ua rau cov khoom poob siab tsis zoo, thiab ua tsis tiav cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob. Kev lag luam siv MBBR tshem tawm cov cab kuj sib txawv ntawm qhov loj thiab cov duab thiab yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv molecular siab xws li siab - ntom polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene (PE), lossis polypropylene (PP) los ntawm txoj kev zoo li yaj extrusion lossis granulation. Nrog rau qhov loj -scale engineering daim ntawv thov ntawm cov txheej txheem no, ntau yam kev lag luam nqa tau maj mam nce. Cov cab kuj tsim thiab ua tiav tuaj yeem ua raws li cov dej zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob microbial, ua kom lub hom phiaj ua kom zoo thiab txhim kho kom txhim kho MBBR biofilm systems nyob rau hauv qis{10}} qhov kub thiab txias. Hauv kev siv tswv yim, kev hloov kho cov cab kuj feem ntau tsom rau kev txhim kho thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, hydrophilicity, bio{12}}affinity, magnetic zog, thiab lwm yam, txhawm rau txhim kho cov cab kuj loj, tsim biofilm, thiab kev kho dej khib nyiab.
2.1 Magnetic Loading
Cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau tshawb fawb siv cov khoom sib nqus los txhim kho MBBR cov dej khib nyiab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Sib nqus teb ntawm qee qhov muaj zog tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tshem tawm cov pa phem hauv cov txheej txheem kho tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv cov teb tsis muaj zog hlau nplaum, cov kuab tshuaj organic muaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus los ntawm kev sib nqus sib nqus thiab adsorption, pab los ntawm cov hlau nplaum, Lorentz rog, thiab magneto- cov teebmeem colloidal. Nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog siv ntau yam, magnetic teb tuaj yeem txhim kho microbial oxygen siv, txhim kho microbial kev loj hlob metabolism thiab enzyme kev ua, thiab nce cell membrane permeability. Jing Shuangyi et al. tau kawm txog kev sib piv ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom sib nqus [polyethylene, neodymium hlau boron magnetic hmoov (Nd₂Fe₁₄B), thiab polyquaternium-10 (PQAS{11}}10), thiab lwm yam.] piv rau cov khoom lag luam hauv MBBR reactors. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias, cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tau txhim kho biofilm nitrification kev ua haujlwm, txhawb nqa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxiv (EPS) tso tawm, thiab khaws cia thiab txhim kho biofilm morphology thiab qauv. Cov neeg nqa khoom sib nqus tau ntxiv cov kab mob nitrifying ntau dua, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm cov kab mob ammonia-oxidizing thiab cov kab mob nitrite-oxidizing tau nce los ntawm 1.82 zaug thiab 1.05 zaug, feem, piv rau cov neeg nqa khoom lag luam, thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua kom muaj ob yam kab mob nitrifying tshwj xeeb.
2.2 Kev hloov kho tus neeg nqa khoom
Dhau li ntawm kev sib nqus loading, affinity hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj xws li polyethylene kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho cov khoom siv biofilm tsim kev ua tau zoo. Sun Bo et al. siv cov tshiab nano tshem tawm cov fillers los kho cov dej tsis zoo hauv tsev uas tsis muaj -kub. Ntawm 10-12 degree, lub sij hawm tsim biofilm rau nano fillers yog tsawg tshaj li 18 hnub, luv dua li lwm cov fillers, nrog rau qhov system COD tshem tawm tus nqi ruaj khov nyob ib ncig ntawm 75%, ua kom pom tus nqi nce qib zoo. Ren Yanqiang et al. siv honeycomb suspended fillers ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hydrophilic polymer alloy heev los kho cov dej ntws tawm los ntawm thawj cov dej khib nyiab ntawm cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias cov tshuaj tshem tawm cov tshuaj no tau zoo txhim kho lub peev xwm txuas ntawm qhov chaw- cov kab mob nquag, pab txhawb kev kho mob ntawm cov txheej txheem MBBR. Han Xiaoyun et al. siv mos polyurethane ua npuas ncauj nrog ib tug tsim pore qauv raws li ib tug immobilized carrier los txhim kho cov txias npaum li cas -them microbial zej zog sib cais los ntawm activated sludge. Tom qab ntxiv cov muab tub lim no rau lub reactor, cov pa phem kev kho mob tau zoo dua qub, nrog COD tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm 82% thiab biochemical oxygen xav tau (BOD) tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm 92% nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias. Chen et al. siv cov txheej txheem MBBR nrog polyvinyl cawv (PVA) gel muab tub lim inoculated nrog HN-AD cov kab mob los kho tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib cov dej khib nyiab es tsis txhob siv cov sludge. Raws li cov pa roj carbon sib txawv-rau-nitrogen piv (C/N), qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom sib txawv sib txawv heev. Cov qauv ntxeem tau ntawm PVA gel muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov dua. Kev tshuaj xyuas microbial tau pom tias cov txheej txheem MBBR nrog PVA gel cov neeg nqa khoom nyiam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob autotrophic thiab HN- AD cov kab mob (Paracoccus thiab Acinetobacter).
3. Txheej txheem sib xyaw thiab Kev tswj hwm ntawm MBBR ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Cov txheej txheem no muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim biofilm ntawm qhov chaw muab tub lim, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab Txoj Cai. Stable nitrification nyob rau hauv MBBR tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas cov txheej txheem thiab qhov sib piv; Kev them nyiaj rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm kev txwv nruj yog ib txoj hauv kev ncaj qha thiab siv tau zoo.
3.1 Aeration
Cov txheej txheem MBBR tam sim no tsuas yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw aerobic. Lub aeration tus nqi thiab txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub reactor ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov yaj oxygen (DO) cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub system thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm biofilm tsim, yog li cuam tshuam rau cov degradation theem ntawm cov pa phem. Chen Long li al., thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev kho dej khib nyiab, zoo daws teeb meem hauv kev tsim biofilm siv kev ntsuas xws li Batch Aeration, ua tiav COD tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm 95.5% thiab ammonia nitrogen tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm 91%. Person et al. siv MBBR los kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv chav ua noj thiab cov dej dub tom qab anaerobic pretreatment ntawm 10 degree, ua tiav nitrification los ntawm kev sib tshuam aeration. Bian et al. pom tias tswj qhov sib piv tas li ntawm DO thiab tag nrho cov ammonia nitrogen concentration optimized effluent los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias; Thaum tus tswj piv tsis pub tshaj 0.17, cov txheej txheem nitrification tseem ruaj khov ntawm 6 degree.
3.2 Carbon-rau-Nitrogen Ratio (C/N)
Muaj kev sib tw pom tseeb ntawm cov kab mob nitrifying thiab heterotrophic; Yog li, C / N kev tswj hwm dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab nitrogen degradation hauv lub cev. Chen et al. pom tias hauv MBBR systems, thaum C / N nyob nruab nrab ntawm 4-15, COD tshem tawm tus nqi siab dua 90%. Thaum C / N txo qis rau 1, COD tshem tawm tus nqi poob qis heev. Lub kaw lus ammonia nitrogen tshem tawm efficiency ua ntej nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis nrog txo C / N. Chen et al. tshawb nrhiav qhov cuam tshuam ntawm C/N ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm A/O-MBBR reactor kho cov dej khib nyiab mariculture.Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias txo C / N yog muaj txiaj ntsig rau txhim kho COD thiab ammonia nitrogen tshem tawm efficiency.
3.3 Hydraulic Retention Time
Lub sijhawm Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) txiav txim siab lub zog sludge load hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. HRT siab dhau lossis qis dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob thiab kev tsim kho / kev ua haujlwm ntawm MBBR systems. Xaiv qhov tsim nyog HRT yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Van et al. siv MBBR rau kev ua liaj ua teb uas tsis yog - taw tes qhov chaw tswj kev ua qias tuaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias ntawm 5 degree, raws li HRT txo qis, cov pa phem tshem tawm kev ua haujlwm poob qis, nrog 8 teev yog lub sijhawm khaws cia tsawg kawg nkaus kom ntseeg tau tias nitrate denitrification rau nitrogen gas. Wang Chuanxin et al. kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev nrog lub tshuab anoxic / aerobic biofilm, tsom rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib txhij nitrification thiab denitrification hauv MBBR ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov kab ke hloov tau zoo rau lub caij ntuj sov poob los ntawm kev ncua HRT, stabilizing effluent COD thiab ammonia nitrogen concentrations kom tau raws li cov qauv. Shitu siv cov sponge muab tub lim tshiab raws li MBBR biofilm cab kuj los kawm txog nws cov kev kho dej ntawm HRTs sib txawv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias qhov kev kho dej zoo tshaj plaws ntawm HRT 6 h. Zhao Wenbin et al. tau pom tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws HRT rau kev tshem tawm cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm MBBR cov tshuab hauv qab - qhov kub thiab txias yog 24 teev. Han Li et al. kawm txog kev tshem tawm cov pa phem thaum HRT raug txo los ntawm 15.4 h rau 11.0 h hauv DE oxidation ditch + MBBR ua ke txheej txheem. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias thaum HRT luv luv, cov pa phem tshem tawm tau maj mam txo qis, tab sis cov dej ntws zoo tseem tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov dej zoo, uas cuam tshuam txog qhov muaj zog poob siab ntawm MBBR system.
3.4 Txheej txheem sib xyaw
Deng Rui et al. tau kawm ob -theem A/O-MBBR txheej txheem rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov dej tsis tshua muaj kub thiab tsis muaj influent concentration, cov txheej txheem ua ke no qhia tau hais tias muaj zog shock load kuj thiab kub adaptability, ruaj khov, thiab yooj yim ua hauj lwm, uas qhia tau hais tias zoo daim ntawv thov kev cia siab nyob rau hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab. Luostarinen et al. tau kawm txog kev kho mob ntawm cov txheej txheem MBBR ntawm cov dej khib nyiab tom qab anaerobic pretreatment ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem tshem tawm 40% -70% ntawm COD, 50% -60% ntawm nitrogen, thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) thiab MBBR tuaj yeem tshem tawm 92% ntawm COD, 99% ntawm BOD, thiab 65% -70% nitrogen. Ru Chun et al. tau siv qhov hloov kho Bardenpho-MBBR + txheej txheem nag lossis daus sib nqus los kho lub chaw kho dej khib nyiab. Los ntawm kev kho cov pa roj carbon qhov chaw dosing cov ntsiab lus thiab siv ntau-point influent thiab multi-point reflux hauv lub cev, kev siv tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud ntxiv tau ua tiav, ua kom cov nitrification thiab denitrification cuam tshuam ntawm 8.7 degree, nrog cov dej ntws ruaj khov zoo dua li cov qauv tso tawm.
Xaus
Nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob microbial hauv MBBR txo qis, thiab muaj kev sib tw pom tseeb ntawm cov kab mob heterotrophic kho cov teeb meem organic thiab autotrophic microorganisms kho ammonia nitrogen. Yog li ntawd, raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov dej tsis huv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov C / N tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tag nrho. Kev ntsuas xws li kev txhim kho thiab ua kom qis qis- qhov kub thiab txias hom kab mob, hom phiaj txhawb kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab ua kom muaj kev nplua nuj ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom yuav tsum tau muab coj los siv rau cov cim tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Kev txhim kho cov cab kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho qhov qis - qhov kub thiab txias ntawm MBBR systems thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem degradation efficiency. Kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb feem ntau suav nrog kev thauj khoom sib nqus thiab kev kho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nqa khoom. Sib nqus loading tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov txuas ntawm cov kab mob nitrifying ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ntxiv dag zog rau cov txheej txheem EPS secretion, thiab txhim kho cov kab mob ua haujlwm; optimizing carrier qauv thiab cov khoom saum npoo tuaj yeem ua kom cov pa phem hloov pauv tau zoo, txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm los ua kom muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv cov zej zog microbial, thiab tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
Cov txheej txheem MBBR nws tus kheej muaj qee yam qis -kub tsis kam. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhim kho tsis tu ncua cov qauv zoo rau cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab, kev ua haujlwm hloov kho thiab cov txheej txheem ua ke ntawm MBBR nyob rau hauv qis - qhov kub thiab txias tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tiav. Rau ntau hom dej khib nyiab, kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag. Lub caij no, cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ua ke tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev poob siab, kev hloov pauv kub, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm MBBR systems rau cov pa phem.