Mechanized Technology thiab khoom siv rau lub pas dej Ecological Recirculating Aquaculture
Pas dej ecological recirculating aquaculture, feem ntau hu ua "raceway fish" ua liaj ua teb, yog ib tug high -aquaculture qauv uas muaj kev tsim cov dej raws los faib lub pas dej mus rau hauv ib tug ntses ua liaj ua teb cheeb tsam thiab ib tug purification cheeb tsam, siv cov cuab yeej cuab tam los txhawb dej ntws. Pei County, nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Weishan Lake uas muaj dej ntau, yog qhov chaw ntuj tsim rau cov dej hiav txwv dej tshiab. Lub nroog muaj 40,900 mu ntawm qhov siab- tus qauv pas dej ntses, suav nrog 1,200 mu mob siab rau lub pas dej ecological recirculating aquaculture, nrog thaj tsam dej ntawm 10,450 m². Lub ntsiab aquaculture hom muaj xws li cov ntses bass thaj tsam loj, nyom carp, thiab crucian carp, nrog rau ib xyoos twg ntawm kwv yees li 2,100 tons. Vim nws cov khoom ntim siab, yooj yim ntawm kev tswj hwm, siab - cov khoom hauv dej zoo, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, thaj chaw mob siab rau lub pas dej ecological recirculating aquaculture yog nthuav tawm txhua xyoo. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2024, Pei County muaj 486 cov cuab yeej siv kho tshuab rau ecological recirculating ntses ntses ua liaj ua teb, ua tiav cov tshuab ua kom tiav ntawm 87.5%.
I. Daim ntawv thov thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Mechanized Technology thiab khoom siv
Lub pas dej ecological recirculating aquaculture integrates mechanized technologies thiab khoom siv rau aeration, pub mis, saib xyuas dej zoo, tshem tawm ntses pov tseg, sau qoob, thiab dredging. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no yog ua raws li qhov piv txwv ntawm Pei County Runwo Aquatic Farming Family Farm, uas muaj thaj tsam ntawm 103 mu thiab ntiav lub pas dej ecological recirculating aquaculture qauv. Ua liaj ua teb tam sim no muaj 8 txoj hauv dej nrog thaj tsam ntawm 880 m², feem ntau yog ua liaj ua teb loj qhov ncauj bass thaj tsam.
1. Mechanized Aeration Technology thiab khoom siv
Aquaculture cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ecological recirculating systems account tsuas yog 2-5% ntawm tag nrho cov dej saum npoo, nrog ib tug stocking ceev kwv yees li 21.2 npaug ntawm cov pa ua liaj ua teb pas dej. Piv txwv li, 220 m³ dej channel stocks 33,881 bigmouth bass, ua tiav qhov ceev ntawm 80.5 kg / m³. Yog li, kev siv tshuab aeration yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Pei County Runwo Aquatic Farming Family Farm equips every water channel (5 m wide, 22 m long, 2.5 m deep, with 2 m water depth) with one 2.2 kW air- nqa aerator. Plaub txoj kab dej sib koom ib qho 3 kW vortex cua twj nrog ntau lub nano- aeration raj. Lub 101.7 mu purification cheeb tsam yog nruab nrog ib tug 1.5 kW surge aerator, peb 3 kW paddlewheel aerators, thiab peb 3 kW dav hlau aerators, tsim ib tug kaw dej ncig system.
Kev sim paub meej tias qhov kev teeb tsa aeration no ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb siab -. Cov huab cua- nqa aerator tsis tsuas yog muab cov pa oxygenation xwb tab sis kuj thawb dej, txuas ntxiv cov dej hauv cov kav dej thiab yaug cov ntses pov tseg thiab cov khoom seem rau hauv qhov chaw khaws cov khib nyiab. Nano- cov raj aeration, npaj raws hauv qab ntawm cov channel, xyuas kom cov npuas zoo rau cov pa oxygen zoo dua, tswj cov pa oxygen hauv cov dej hauv qab. Jet aerators nyob rau hauv thaj chaw purification txhim khu cov pa oxygenation, txhawb kev sib hloov dej ntsug, txhim kho dej zoo, thiab tsav cov dej ntws. Cov nroj tsuag dej thiab lim- pub ntses ntxiv ua kom cov dej huv.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuab aerators tswj cov pa oxygen (DO) qib siab dua 6 mg / L, ua kom cov dej zoo. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm suav nrog:
- Cua- nqa aerators: Tsawg ntws nyob rau theem pib (0.1–0.3 m/s), ua haujlwm 24 teev thaum nruab nrab - txog - theem lig (tshwj tsis yog thaum pub mis).
- Nano{0}} cov khoom siv aeration: Kev ua haujlwm nquag nyob rau nruab nrab - mus rau - theem lig kom tswj tau DO ntawm 6–8 mg / L.
- Dav hlau aerators: Ua haujlwm ntawm 5:00 txog 17:00, tawm thaum hmo ntuj.
Feem ntau cov liaj teb hauv Pei County siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuab aerators nrog kev tswj tsis siv neeg raws li kev soj ntsuam xyuas dej zoo, teeb tsa cov kev txwv siab thiab qis DO kom pib / nres aerators. Qhov no ua kom DO qib siab dua 6 mg / L, nce mus txog ntau dua 7 mg / L thaum pub mis, qhov tseem ceeb rau siab -ntaus dej recirculating aquaculture.
2. Mechanized Water Quality Monitoring Technology thiab khoom siv
Lub pas dej automated oxygenation tswj qhov system saib xyuas qhov tseem ceeb xws li DO, kub, thiab pH. Lub kaw lus muaj xws li tsis siv neeg oxygenation tswj, dej sensors, thiab cov neeg siv khoom txawb. Nws tso cai rau tiag tiag- sijhawm saib xyuas, ceeb toom xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab tswj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg raws li kev txwv DO preset.
Qhov zoo muaj xws li kev txo qis zog, siab precision, thiab txuag hluav taws xob. Ib qho teeb meem yog sensor fouling, yuav tsum tau ntxuav txhua lub lim tiam kom muaj qhov tseeb.
Cov txheej txheem installation:
- Muab cov sensors nyob rau hauv qis - cov pa oxygen (piv txwv li, nqes qis).
- Txhim kho cov kev sojntsuam vertically, nrog cov kab dej 2-3 cm hauv qab qhov hluav taws xob, 5-20 m los ntawm aerators.
- Teem DO txwv raws li hom; rau cov ntses bass thaj tsam loj, qis qis ntawm 5 mg / L, txwv qis ntawm 8 mg / L.
3. Mechanized feeding Technology thiab khoom siv
Txhua qhov dej channel yog nruab nrog ib qho 60 kg ntse feeder. Cov feeders no tso cai rau kev tswj cov chaw taws teeb ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, muab qhov hnyav hnyav, lub sijhawm pub mis, tsis siv neeg kaw thaum khoob, cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus, thiab ceeb toom ua txhaum. Lawv tuaj yeem koom ua ke nrog kev saib xyuas ntse los saib xyuas kev noj zaub mov thiab ntses tus cwj pwm.
Txhawm rau kom haum raws txoj kab nqaim, sab vaj huam sib luag tau ntxiv los txo qhov kev sib kis ntawm kev pub noj, tiv thaiv kev pub noj los ntawm kev hla ciam teb channel.
Kev pub noj txhua hnub yog txiav txim siab los ntawm hom, theem kev loj hlob, lub caij, thiab huab cua, muab faib ua 3-4 lub sijhawm pub mis. Mechanized feeding txo kev ua haujlwm, txo cov khib nyiab, txhim kho kev siv cov khoom noj, txo cov nqi, thiab txo cov kab mob thiab cov pa phem, txuag 10-15% piv rau kev pub mis.
4. Mechanized Fish Waste Treatment Technology thiab khoom siv
Ib lub tank ntim khib nyiab tau teeb tsa rau txhua 5-8 txoj hauv dej, txhua qhov nruab nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev uas muaj cov txheej txheem traction, qhia txoj hlua txav, lub tshuab nqus dej hauv qab, tsis siv neeg tswj qhov system, cov kav dej, thiab cov twj siv hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem no khaws thiab tso cov pov tseg cov ntses thiab cov khoom seem seem hauv ib qho haujlwm.
Tsav los ntawm huab cua- nqa aerators, pov tseg raug thawb mus rau hauv lub tank sau thiab tso rau hauv cov nplej ua chiv- ib txoj haujlwm ua tsis tau manually.
Cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm:
- Khaws qhov sib txawv ntawm 25 cm ntawm qhov nqus dej hauv qab thiab lub tank hauv qab.
- Ntxuav 1.5 teev tom qab pub mis.
- Tsis tu ncua ntxuav lub tshuab nqus tsev kom tsis txhob txhaws.
5. Dredging Technology
Dredging muaj ob thaj chaw:
- Cov kav dej: Tshem tawm thiab tua kab mob nrog chlorine dioxide lossis quicklime.
- Purification cheeb tsam: Dredged nrog loj bulldozers thaum av tob tshaj 15 cm, txhua 3-5 xyoo.
Cov bulldozers tau zoo tshem tawm cov av rau hauv av tshiab, nrog kev tsim tau 10 npaug ntawm cov tshuab nqus dej thiab 50 zaug phau ntawv dredging.
6. Cov khoom siv sib txuam
Pei County tau tsim ib lub tshuab sib piv rau lub pas dej ecological recirculating aquaculture los xyuas kom meej cov dej zoo thiab oxygenation.Table 1qhia txog cov cuab yeej siv rau thaj tsam 100 mu dej nrog 8 txoj kab.
II. Comparative Analysis: Ecological Recirculating Aquaculture vs. Pas Pas Mechanized Aquaculture
1. Aquaculture Effectiveness
Ecological recirculating aquaculture muab cov khoom ntim ntau dua, kev tswj dej zoo dua, kev siv cov khoom noj kom zoo dua qub, txo kev ua haujlwm, kev ruaj ntseg ib puag ncig, kev pheej hmoo tsawg dua, thiab nyiaj txiag ntau dua. Cov kev sib piv tshwj xeeb tau piav qhia hauvRooj 2.
2. Cov txiaj ntsig nyiaj txiag
Integrated mechanization txo kev pheej hmoo, kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov nqi thaum nce kev ua tau zoo, ceev, thiab tawm los. Piv txwv li, Pei County Runwo Aquatic Farming Family Farm ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig nruab nrab ntawm 1,573.4 kg / mu (largemouth bass: 1,306.3 kg / mu; silver thiab bighead carp: 267.1 kg / mu). Qhov no sawv cev rau qhov nce ntawm 294.3 kg / mu rau bigmouth bass thiab 16.4 kg / mu rau nyiaj thiab bighead carp piv rau cov pa dej, nrog rau cov nyiaj tau ntxiv ntawm 7,553 yuan / mu. Paub meej muaj nyob rau hauvTable 3.
III. Cov teeb meem thiab cov lus pom zoo
1. Teeb meem
Feeders: Qhov kev pub noj tsawg kawg nkaus tshaj qhov dav dav, ua rau hla - pub thiab pov tseg. Runwo Farm hloov 60 kg vibrating feeders nrog adjustable baffles los tswj kev pub noj, daws qhov teeb meem.
Dav hlau Aerators: Tsis txaus oxygenation thiab ntws. Cov kws kho mob tau txhim kho lawv los ntawm:
Hloov ib qho injector nrog peb injectors.
Ntxiv lub vortex cua twj tso kua mis rau cov cua kom tsawg.
Cov kev txhim kho no tau nce qib DO, dej ntws, thiab kev tshaj tawm, ua kom muaj dej tshiab rau thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb.
2. Cov lus pom zoo
Feeders: Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum muab cov baffles kho kom haum rau qhov sib txawv channel dav.
Dav hlau Aerators: Manufacturers yuav tsum:
Ua kom cua nkag lub cev muaj zog kom muaj cua ntau dua.
Tsim cov qauv ntau-injector los txhim kho cov dej ntws, ua kom muaj cov pa oxygen tsis tu ncua- cov dej nplua nuj rau thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb.