Kev Siv Cov Txheej Txheem Hloov Kho AAO hauv Coal Mine Kev Kho Dej Hauv Tsev
Cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev hauv cov thee mines feem ntau yog los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev noj mov, tsev so, chaw ua haujlwm, chav ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab chav dej, nrog rau cov dej da dej ntau dua 55% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim. Kev tso dej ntawm da dej yog qhov tseem ceeb, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Tus cwj pwm los ntawm qis cov organic concentration thiab siab dua cov khib nyiab pov tseg (SS), cov dej da dej sib txawv ntawm cov dej phwj hauv tsev. Nws staggered tawm qauv nrog lwm cov dej khib nyiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej tsis zoo.
Feem ntau cov thee mines nyob rau hauv Suav teb yog nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb qhov chaw uas cov sludge thauj cov nqi yog siab. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kho nrog qis sludge tawm los yuav tsum tau xaiv. Raws li cov mines tsim thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm coob zuj zus tuaj, cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau tshaj qhov tsim qauv tsim, tsim cov txheej txheem nrog kev hloov kho kom muaj zog rau Kev Hloov ntawm cov dej zoo thiab kom muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv tib lub hneev taw. Raws li kev nruj nruj ntawm ib puag ncig cov cai uas yuav tsum tau siv tag nrho rov qab siv cov effluent nrog xoom tawm, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum xa cov dej ntws zoo thiab ruaj khov.
Tam sim no, AAO (Anaerobic{0}}Anoxic-Oxic) txheej txheem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv nroog. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov kev hloov pauv ntawm AAO Txheej Txheem (AAO + Suspended Carrier Process) rau cov thee mine cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev, raws li nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
1. Hloov kho AAO txheej txheem
Cov txheej txheem AAO yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws kev teeb tsa rau kev tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus ib txhij. Cov kab mob filamentous tsis tuaj yeem nthuav dav dav nyob rau hauv kev hloov pauv anaerobic, anoxic, thiab aerobic mob, tiv thaiv sludge bulking. Nws yuav tsum tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv, tsuas yog sib xyaw me me hauv anaerobic thiab anoxic tso tsheb hlau luam, ua rau cov nqi khiav lag luam qis. Cov sludge muaj cov ntsiab lus phosphorus siab, muab nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
However, nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal in the AAO process are interdependent and often conflicting. Nitrifying bacteria require a long sludge age, while phosphorus removal needs a short sludge age. Limited by the sludge age required for simultaneous脱氮, enhancing phosphorus removal, especially in low-carbon wastewater, is challenging. Denitrification efficiency relates to the internal recycle ratio; excessive ratios offer limited improvement, while insufficient ratios reduce effectiveness. Typically requiring >200%, qhov kev rov ua dua sab hauv no siv lub zog loj. Cov kua dej nkag mus rau hauv cov lus piav qhia theem nrab yuav tsum tswj hwm qib qis oxygen (DO) kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab mob anaerobic thiab phosphorus tso tawm, tseem tsis tau siab dhau los kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog denitrification hauv lub tank anoxic ntawm cov cawv sib xyaw.
Cov Txheej Txheem Hloov Kho AAO (AAO + Suspended Carrier Process) txo qis cov teeb meem no. Nws ua kom cov microbial loj hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, txhim kho qhov ntim ntim, ua tiav kev sib cais ntawm hydraulic tuav lub sij hawm (HRT) thiab sludge tuav lub sij hawm (SRT), ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom siv hydraulic thiab cov organic shock loads, muab cov dej zoo zoo txawm tias tsis tshua muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau, ua kom cov sludge tsawg dua thiab ruaj khov (txo qis qis sludge tuav). Cov dej ntws tawm tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov qauv dej zoo ntawm "Kev Siv Lub Nroog Recycling Water- Cov Qauv Dej Zoo rau Hauv Nroog Dej" (GB/T 18920-2020) thiab "Code for Design of Coal Preparation Engineering" (GB 50359-2016.) Hou Feng et al. siv cov txheej txheem AAO + tshem tawm cov txheej txheem hauv cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab hauv av, ua tiav Qib 1A cov qauv ntawm "Kev Tso Cai Ntawm Cov Kab Tsuag rau Lub Nroog Kev Kho Dej" (GB 18918-2002), nrog rau cov cim tseem ceeb (COD, BOD5, NH3-N, TP) mus txog Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem Dej Zoo 3838-2002). Hao Ruigang et al. siv "A/O Bio-contact Oxidation + Perforated Swirl Flocculation + Inclined Tube Sedimentation + Active Sand Filtration" nyob rau hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm cov thee mine hauv tsev dej khib nyiab cog, ua tiav cov dej ntws zoo dua qib 1A. Yan Ziyu et al. kuj tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo siv cov txheej txheem biofilm los kho cov thee mine hauv tsev kho dej khib nyiab uas twb muaj lawm. Cov Txheej Txheem Hloov Kho AAO tso cai rau kev muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov nroj tsuag uas twb muaj lawm nrog kev hloov kho tsawg.
Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog ntxiv cov khoom thauj mus rau lub tank anoxic thiab aerobic, sib txuas cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem activated sludge thiab biofilm. Nws nta siab ntim loading, loj biomass, siab kho efficiency, muaj zog adaptability rau 水质和水量的变化, txhim kho cov txheej txheem stability, thiab zoo nutrient tshem tawm. Nws tsim tshwj xeeb active biofilms, nce efficiency ib reactor ntim thiab stability, cia rau me reactors. Sloughing biofilm sludge muaj ntau dua protozoa / metazoa, muaj qhov ntom ntom dua thiab qhov loj me me, ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb zoo thiab cov khoom yooj yim - sib cais kua. Nws ua kom tiav SRT-HRT sib cais, tshem tawm cov sludge bulking, thiab haum rau cov dej khib nyiab nplua nuj nyob hauv cov organic soluble.
2.1 Case Study
Ib lub mine hauv Yan'an City, kwv yees li 16 km ntawm Zichang City, muaj cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab hauv tsev nrog lub peev xwm tsim ntawm 1200 m³ / d. Cov txheej txheem yog: "Screen + Equalization Tank + AAO nrog Suspended Carriers + Advanced Treatment (Coagulation{6}}Sedimentation-Filtration) + Disinfection". Sludge yog kho los ntawm "Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus Thickening + Screw Press Dewatering". Cov dej phwj tuaj ua tau raws li qhov txwv nruj ntawm * GB / T 18920-2020 * thiab GB 50359-2016 rau cov thee ntxuav dej. Cov dej kho tau rov qab siv dua rau kuv Greenery thiab ua cov dej pleev xim hauv cov thee npaj cog. Design influent/effluent quality yog nyob rau hauvTable 1. Cov txheej txheem ntws tau qhia hauvDaim duab 1.
Cov dej khib nyiab dhau los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam (5 hli qhov sib txawv, 75℃installation lub kaum sab xis) mus rau hauv lub tank sib npaug (L × B × H=14.0 m × 6.0 m × 6.0 m, zoo qhov tob 2.95 m, ntim 247.8 m³, HRT 4.13 h), ntsib GB 50810-2012 cov kev cai. Ob lub mixers tiv thaiv kev daws teeb meem. Peb lub twj tso kua mis submersible (2 lub luag haujlwm +1 standby, Q=32.5 m³ / h, H=17 m, N=4 kW) nqa dej mus rau lub tank lom.
Cov kab ke lom neeg muaj ob lub tsheb ciav hlau sib luag. Ib lub tsheb ciav hlau:
- Anaerobic Tank: L × B × H =2.0 m × 5.0 m × 5.0 m, zoo qhov tob 4.5 m, HRT 1.5 h.
- Anoxic Tank: L × B × H =4.0 m × 5.0 m × 5.0 m, zoo qhov tob 4.25 m, HRT 2.83 h.
- Aerobic Tank: L × B × H =15.0 m × 5.0 m × 5.0 m, zoo qhov tob 4.0 m, HRT 10.0 h.Total system HRT yog 15.75 h. Cov neeg nqa khoom raug tshem tawm (qhov sib piv 80%, thaj chaw tshwj xeeb 600 m² / m³) tau teeb tsa hauv lub tank aerobic. Tsim Air{11}}rau- Dej piv yog 13.7: 1. Peb lub hauv paus tshuab tshuab (2 lub luag haujlwm +1 standby, Q=6.84 m³/min, N{18}} kW, P=44.1 kPa) yog siv. Sludge Recycle Ratio yog 100%, Mixed Liquor Recycle Ratio yog 200%.
Ob lub kaum sab xis -inlet / qhov hluav taws xob theem ob clarifiers (L × B × H=5.0 m × 5.0 m × 3.5 m txhua) muaj qhov chaw thau khoom ntawm 1.2 m³ / (m²·h) thiab HRT ntawm 2.5 h.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov dej lim dej (kev sib txuas coagulation, sedimentation, pom) muab kev kho mob siab ntxiv rau kev tshem tawm SS thiab phosphorus ntxiv.
Sludge kev kho mob suav nrog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thickening (Φ2.5 m × 5.0 m carbon steel tank) ua raws li cov ntsia hlau xovxwm dewatering. Polyacrylamide (PAM) yog txhaj ntawm 3.0–5.0 kg/t qhuav cov khib nyiab ua ntej dewatering. Txhua hnub dewatered sludge ncuav mog qab zib tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 150 kg nrog cov ntsiab lus noo noo tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 80%, thauj tawm -site.
Kev tua kab mob siv rau ntawm -qhov chaw ClO2 lub tshuab hluav taws xob (cov tshuaj chlorine zoo 120 g / h) txhaj ntawm qhov dej ntshiab nkag. Lub qhov dej ntshiab muaj qhov ntim tau zoo ntawm 250 m³, muab lub sijhawm sib cuag ntawm 4.2 teev.
Cov nroj tsuag tau nruab nrog kev saib xyuas hauv online (flow meters, residual chlorine, pH, DO, COD, turbidity, sludge level/concentration) thiab automated control systems for pumps, blowers, backwashing, chemical dosing, and mixing, ensure smart, unattended operation.
2.2 Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm
Cov nroj tsuag ua tiav kev ua haujlwm hauv 2021 thiab tau ua haujlwm rau ntau tshaj ob xyoos. Qhov tseeb 2024 influent/effluent quality yog qhia nyob rau hauvRooj 2.
Qhov cuam tshuam BOD5 / N piv yog 5.5, qhia tias qis carbon - rau -nitrogen (C/N) piv dej khib nyiab, uas txo qis ntxiv rau lub caij ntuj sov vim los nag dej nkag thiab hloov cwj pwm. Lub caij ntuj no kub heev hauv Yan'an tuaj yeem ncav cuag -21 degree. Qhov tseeb effluent zoo yog zoo dua tsim, nrog rau kev tshem tawm tus nqi ncav cuag: COD 97.8%, BOD5 99.7%, SS 99.7%, NH3-N 93.5%, TP 87.10%, ua tau raws li cov qauv rau 绿化 thiab thee ntxuav.
Lub active biofilm loj nyob rau hauv lub anoxic / aerobic tso tsheb hlau luam yog siab li 125 g / m² cab kuj, sib npaug rau MLSS ntawm 13 g / L- plaub npaug ntawm cov pa activated sludge. Cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub endogenous respiration theem, ua rau cov sludge ntau lawm txhua hnub txog 1/3 ntawm cov pa txoj kev, nrog zoo dua settleability, tso cai rau me me sludge kho khoom.
Txawm hais tias bio-kev sib cuag oxidation tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj sludge recycle, kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Xiong Ren li al. qhia tau hais tias cov tshuab nrog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tau txais kev tshem tawm ntau dua rau COD, TN, NH3-N, SS thiab txo cov sludge tawm los ntawm 29.6%. Qhov kev tsim no suav nrog cov cawv sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm yooj yim raws li cov dej ntws zoo.
Cov nroj tsuag (1200 m³ / d) occupies 1350.3 m², nrog peev peev ntawm 20 lab CNY thiab cov nqi khiav haujlwm ntawm 1.05 CNY / m³.
Piv nrog rau AAO cov lus pom zoo, uas yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv SRT rau kev ua haujlwm qis -kub, cov txheej txheem hloov kho no khaws cov kev yooj yim ntawm kev tshem tawm cov khoom noj ib txhij thaum txhawb cov zej zog lom neeg nrog cov neeg nqa khoom. SRT-Kev sib cais HRT ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm bio- ruaj khov, ua kom ntseeg tau kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qis C / N thiab qis- qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kua dej ruaj khov tuaj yeem khaws cia nrog me me lossis tsis muaj sludge recycle, ua rau hauv -situ sludge txo thiab txo nqi sludge tuav. Nws qhov yooj yim thiab tsis muaj bulking ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev.
3. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo rau AAO txheej txheem
Hloov kho cov txheej txheem AAO feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas hauv "Standard for Design of Outdoor Wastewater Engineering" (GB 50014-2021). Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo (HRT, SRT, aeration, recycle ratios, MLSS) tshwj xeeb rau cov thee mine dej khib nyiab yog xav tau los txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv cov pa AAO, sludge yog recycled los ntawm aerobic mus rau lub anaerobic tank, nqa nitrate thiab siab DO, uas yuav impaired lom phosphorus tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem University of Cape Town (UCT) tuaj yeem txiav txim siab, qhov twg cov sludge rov qab mus rau lub tank anoxic, nitrified cawv rau lub tank anoxic, thiab ib qho ntxiv rov ua dua los ntawm anoxic rau anaerobic tank yog ntxiv los txhim kho bio-P tshem tawm.
Kev kho sludge tuaj yeem suav txog 50-60% ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev ua haujlwm. Hauv -situ sludge txo technologies yuav tsum tau txais yuav. Qhov siab MLSS hauv kev hloov pauv AAO bio- tso tsheb hlau luam ua rau muaj qhov sib piv F / M siab, qhov uas cuam tshuam cov metabolism tuaj yeem tshwm sim, txhawb kev txo cov sludge thiab txo cov nqi tuav cov sludge. Kev tsom mus rau yav tom ntej yuav tsum yog siv rau hauv -situ txo cov thev naus laus zis xws li cryptic kev loj hlob ntawm micro- lysis, Oxic- Tshav -Anaerobic (OSA) txheej txheem, thiab discoupling metabolism hauv thee mine dej khib nyiab.
Cov txheej txheem no tsim nyog rau retrofitting AAO cov nroj tsuag uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov mines thee. Ntxiv cov neeg nqa khoom rau lub tank anoxic / aerobic tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej ntws zoo, ua kom muaj peev xwm, thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg. Rau cov nroj tsuag uas yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis effluent, hloov lub thib ob clarifier nrog ib tug MBR system tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej zoo ntxiv.
4. Cov lus xaus
- Cov Txheej Txheem Hloov Kho AAO yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev hloov kho AAO uas twb muaj lawm hauv cov mines thee txhawm rau txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg, nce peev xwm, lossis ua tau raws li cov qauv nruj dua.
- Thaum kho cov thee mine cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev, cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li * GB / T 18920-2002 * cov qauv rau kev ywg dej / ntsuab ntsuab thiab GB 50359-2016 cov qauv rau cov dej ntxhua khaub ncaws, ua kom muaj zog yoog raws cov kev hloov hauv cov dej zoo thiab kom muaj nuj nqis.
- Cov txheej txheem tsim cov sludge ruaj khov nrog kev sib haum xeeb zoo thiab kev sib cais yooj yim, tsim cov sludge tsawg dua, thiab txo cov nqi kho sludge.