Biofilter Media Xaiv rau Largemouth Bass- Biofilm yam ntxwv thiab kev loj hlob
Lojmouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), tseem hu ua California bass, belongs rau Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Centrarchidae, Micropterus. Nws yog ib txwm nyob hauv California, Tebchaws Asmeskas, thiab muaj qhov zoo xws li kev loj hlob sai, saj qab, khoom noj khoom haus nplua nuj, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. Nws tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj dej tsis huv hauv Suav teb. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev hloov pauv kev nuv ntses thiab kev kho dua tshiab thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb digital thiab ntse, kev lag luam recirculating aquaculture tau maj mam tshwm sim. Aquaculture hom ntawm bigmouth ntses bass thaj tsam tseem hloov los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai hauv pas dej mus rau ntsuab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig recirculating aquaculture hom. Recirculating aquaculture muaj qhov zoo xws li dej thiab av txuag, siab ntim khoom ceev, thiab kev tswj kom yooj yim. Los ntawm lub cev, lom neeg, tshuaj lom neeg txoj kev thiab cov cuab yeej siv, cov khoom raug tshem tawm thiab cov khoom tsis zoo hauv lub cev dej raug tshem tawm lossis hloov mus rau cov khoom tsis zoo, kom cov dej zoo raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kab lis kev cai, yog li paub txog kev rov ua dua cov dej hauv qab siab -cov dej hauv dej hiav txwv. Nws tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo nyiaj txiag hauv ntau hom kab lis kev cai.
Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb txog recirculating aquaculture ntawm bigmouth ntses bass thaj tsam tsuas yog tsom rau kev yug me nyuam, pub khoom noj khoom haus, kev xaiv strain, pub mis kom meej, kev hloov hauv dej, thiab kev noj haus zoo. Kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv tsev industrialized recirculating aquaculture ntawm bigmouth ntses bass thaj tsam tsuas yog tsom rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm loj- me me ntses me me, thiab tag nrho - cov neeg laus ntses ua liaj ua teb tsis tau nthuav dav. Qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb uas tau ntsib los ntawm bigmouth bass recirculating aquaculture yog tswj kom muaj ib puag ncig dej zoo nyob rau hauv siab -cov xwm txheej ceev kom ntseeg tau qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab lis kev cai. Kev kho dej yog lub hauv paus ntawm recirculating aquaculture, thiab kev kho dej zoo biofilter media yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho dej. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev lim dej los ntawm biofilter media, cov lus ceeb toom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam loj hauv kev lag luam recirculating aquaculture, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev tshuaj xyuas cov dej lim dej biofilter media, microbial zej zog cov qauv ntawm biofilms ntawm cov xov xwm biofilter sib txawv, kev kho mob, thiab cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab lis kev cai, tsis muaj. Peb hom biofilter media tau raug xaiv, ntawm cov uas cov ntaub pua plag square thiab fluidized txaj pob biofilter media yog tsawg- tus nqi thiab yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, thiab tau siv dav hauv kev kho dej hauv av; Mutag Biochip 30 (abbreviated li Biochip) yog ib hom tshiab ntawm biofilter media uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev, tab sis nws cov kev siv tau zoo tsis tau tshaj tawm. Rau lub hom phiaj no, 16S rDNA siab-throughput sequencing thev naus laus zis tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem biofilm ntawm peb qhov kev kho dej biofilter media, thaum tib lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej loj hlob ntawm bigmouth ntses bass thaj tsam, txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas cov dej siv tshuaj biofilter media thiab muab cov dej kho tau zoo tshaj plaws rau bigmouth bass requaculized.
1. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv xeem
Cov xov xwm biofilter xaiv rau qhov kev sim no yogsquare daim txhuam cev, Biochip, thiabfluidized txaj pob, raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 1. Cov khoom siv square sponge yog polyurethane, zoo li lub voos xwmfab nrog ib sab ntev ntawm 2.0 cm, thaj tsam tshwj xeeb (3.2 ~ 3.5) × 10⁴ m² / m³. Cov khoom siv Biochip yog polyethylene, zoo li lub voj voog nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3.0 cm, tuab txog 0.11 cm, tshwj xeeb thaj chaw 5.5 × 10³ m² / m³. Cov khoom siv hauv lub txaj fluidized yog polyethylene, muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb thaj chaw 500 ~ 800 m² / m³.
1.2 Kev sim ua pab pawg
Lub square sponge biofilter media kho pab pawg tau teeb tsa ua pawg T1, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm biofilm sib raug tau sau npe B1, thiab cov dej aquaculture sib raug tau sau npe W1; Biochip biofilter media kho pab pawg tau teeb tsa ua pawg T2, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm biofilm sib raug tau sau npe B2, thiab cov khoom siv dej hauv av tau sau npe W2; Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob biofilter media kho cov pab pawg tau teeb tsa ua pawg T3, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm biofilm sib raug tau sau npe B3, thiab cov dej sib txuas ntawm cov dej aquaculture tau sau npe W3.
1.3 Aquaculture System
Qhov kev sim tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev rov ua dej hauv dej ntawm Balidian Comprehensive Experimental Base ntawm Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries.Muaj 9 lub tank kab lis kev cai hauv tag nrho, ntim 500 L, cov dej ntim tau zoo 350 L. Lub tank biofilter yog tsim los ntawm cov thoob dej yug ntses yas ntsuas 80 cm ntev, 50 cm dav, thiab 50 cm siab, ntim 200 L, dej ntim 120 L.. Cov kab lis kev cai tank thiab biofilter tank tau txuas nrog lub twj tso kua mis dej los tsim ib qho kev ncig sab hauv, ntws tus nqi 3 ~ 4 L / min, nrog rau kev ua kom oxygenation, dej yaj oxygen khaws cia siab tshaj 5 mg / L. Cov xov xwm biofilter tau muab faib ua pawg, txhua hom biofilter media muaj 3 replicates, txhua lub tank biofilter tau thauj khoom nrog 2.0 kg ntawm biofilter media, thaum tib lub sijhawm ncua qeeb - tso cov pa roj carbon. Thaum lub sij hawm biofilm kab lis kev cai, 10% ntawm cov dej tau hloov txhua hnub.Qhov taw qhia dej zoo: Tag Nrho Nitrogen (TN) 9.41 mg/L, Tag Nrho Phosphorus (TP) 1.02 mg/L, Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) 1.26 mg/L, Nitrite Nitrogen (NO₂⁻-N) 0.04 mg/L, Permanganate Index..
1.4 Test Fish thiab Culture Management
Lojmouth bass tau siv los ua hom kab lis kev cai. Ua ntej pib qhov kev xeem, lawv tau ua kom zoo nyob rau hauv cov dej recirculating rau 7 hnub.Qhov kev sim tau ua txij lub Yim Hli 11, 2022, txog rau lub Cuaj Hlis 22, 2022, kav ntev li 42 hnub.. Cov ntses bass thaj tsam loj uas tsis muaj kev raug mob ntawm qhov chaw, noj qab nyob zoo thiab muaj sia nyob, raug xaiv rau pawg, 60 ntses tau ntim rau hauv txhua lub tank kab lis kev cai, pub ob zaug ib hnub, lub sijhawm pub mis yog 07:00 thaum sawv ntxov thiab 16:00 tav su, noj txhua hnub suav txog li 1.0% ~ 1.5% ntawm tag nrho cov ntses lub cev. Thawj lub cev loj ntawm cov ntses xeem yog (20.46 ± 0.46) g.
1.5 Sample Collection
Cov qauv dej los ntawm lub tank biofilter tau sau txhua 2 hnub, sau cov ntsuas xws li dej kub, yaj oxygen, pH nqi, thiab ntsuas ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen. Tus nqi pub mis, ntses lub cev loj ntawm qhov pib thiab qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev sim, thiab tus nqi ciaj sia tau raug kaw. Tom qab kev sim, 1 L ntawm cov dej los ntawm txhua kab lis kev cai tank tau sau nrog cov hnab ntim dej tsis huv, lim los ntawm 0.22 µm lim membrane, thiab khaws cia hauv -80℃lub freezer rau tom qab siv. Biofilter media samples ntawm 0.5 g raug coj mus rau aseptically los ntawm txhua lub tank biofilter, khaws cia rau hauv cov dej distilled, shaken ceev kom tshem tawm cov kab mob los ntawm biofilm nto, tom qab ntawd lim los ntawm 0.22 µm lim membrane thiab khaws cia rau hauv -80℃lub freezer tom qab siv.
1.6 Kev ntsuas ntsuas
1.6.1 Kev ntsuas dej zoo
Dej kub, yaj oxygen, thiab pH tus nqi tau kuaj pom siv aHACH Hq40d portable dej zoo analyzer. Ammonia nitrogen concentration tau ntsuas los ntawm Nessler's reagent spectrophotometric method. Nitrite nitrogen concentration tau kuaj pom siv hydrochloric acid naphthylethylenediamine spectrophotometric txoj kev.
1.6.2 Aquaculture Performance Measurement
Cov qauv kev suav rau qhov hnyav nce tus nqi, pub hloov pauv piv, thiab tus nqi ciaj sia ntawm cov ntses yog raws li hauv qab no.
l Qhov hnyav nce tus nqi= (Thaum kawg ntses lub cev loj - Pib ntses lub cev loj) / Pib lub cev loj × 100%;
l Pub hloov pauv piv= Pub noj / hnyav nce;
l Ciaj sia taus= (Tus nab npawb ntawm cov ntses tom kawg ntawm qhov kev sim / Cov nab npawb ntawm cov ntses thaum pib ntawm qhov kev sim) × 100%.
1.6.3 Microbial Siab-Tshem tawm Sequencing
Cov kab mob DNA tau muab rho tawm los ntawm dej thiab biofilm siv Bacterial DNA Extraction Kit (OMEGA Biotech, USA). Cov primers tshwj xeeb 338F (5'–ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG–3') thiab 806R (5'–GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT–3') tau siv los nthuav dav thaj tsam V3 thiab V4 ntawm cov kab mob 16S rDNA. PCR siv TransGen AP221-02 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: 4 µL ntawm 5 × FastPfu Buffer, 2 µL ntawm 2.5 mmol / L dNTPs, 0.4 µL ntawm FastPfu Polymerase, 0.8 µL txhua ntawm 5 µmol / L rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab primers, 0.2 μL ntawm DNA ntxiv, 0. ddH₂O to 20 µL. PCR cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: 95℃rau 3 min; 95℃rau 30 s, 53℃rau 45 s, 72℃rau 1 min, 28 cycles; 72℃txuas ntxiv rau 10 min. PCR amplification tau ua los ntawm PCR cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntsuas 9700 (Applied Biosystems® GeneAmp®, USA). PCR cov khoom raug purified siv cov hlaws dai thiab tom qab ntawd raug ua raws li cov txheej txheem. Sequencing tau commissioned rau Shanghai Majorbio BioPharm Technology Co., Ltd.
1.6.4 Microbial Diversity Analysis
Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tau txais los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke tau ua ntej spliced, ua raws li kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm kev nyeem cov ntawv zoo thiab cov nyhuv splicing, thiab kev ua raws li cov kev taw qhia kho, ua rau cov ntaub ntawv optimized. Tom qab normalizing qhov kawg tau txais cov ntaub ntawv huv, OTU (Operational Taxonomic Units) kev tshuaj xyuas pawg thiab kev txheeb xyuas taxonomic tau ua tiav ntawm 97% zoo sib xws. Histograms ntawm cov qauv tau kos siv Excel, thiab cov duab tshav kub tau kos siv Majorbio Cloud Platform.
1.7 Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv
SPSS 16.0 statistical software tau siv rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab Duncan txoj hauv kev hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) tau siv rau ntau qhov sib piv.
2. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev tshuaj xyuas
2.1 Biofilm Tsim Lub Sijhawm Sib Txawv Biofilter Media
Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 2,Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm biofilm tsim, ammonia nitrogen cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov dej ntawm lub biofilter tank pom ib tug qauv ntawm ceev ceev raws li los ntawm maj mam poob.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ammonia nitrogenNyob rau hauv cov dej ntawm biofilter tank sib haum mus rau square daim txhuam cev mus txog nws lub ncov ntawm 17 hnub, ntawm 8.13 mg / L, ces maj mam txo,mus txog qhov qis tshaj ntawm 41 hnubTom qab ntawd tshuav ib ncig ntawm 0.20 mg / L, qhia tiaslub sij hawm tsim biofilm rau square sponge yog li 17 hnub. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm ammonia nitrogen cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov dej ntawm biofilter tso tsheb hlau luam coj mus rau Biochip thiab lub txaj txaj fluidized yog qhov zoo ib yam, qhia qhov hloov pauv hloov. Lub ncov ammonia nitrogen tshwm sim ntawm 21 hnub, ntawm 7.88 mg / L thiab 7.57 mg / L feem, qhia tiaslub sij hawm tsim biofilm rau Biochip thiab lub txaj fluidized pob biofilter media yog li 21 hnub. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ammonia nitrogennyob rau hauv biofilter tso tsheb hlau luam coj mus rauob qhov xov xwm no tau poob qis tshaj plaws ntawm 43 hnub thiab 45 hnub raws li.
2.2 Kev hloov pauv hauv dej pH tus nqi hauv cov kab lis kev cai sib txawv
Los ntawmDaim duab 3, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias thawj tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej kab lis kev cai yog 7.3. Raws li lub sijhawm kab lis kev cai txuas ntxiv, pH tus nqi ntawm cov dej hauv txhua lub tank kab lis kev cai tau pom qhov kev poob qis. Tom qab 12 hnub, tus nqi pH ntawm tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam tsawg dua 6.0, uas yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab lis kev cai.Yog li ntawd, tom qab 12 hnub ntawm kev tsim biofilm, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau kev kho tus nqi pH ntawm kab lis kev cai tank dej..
2.3 Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Microbial Community Composition ntawm Biofilms ntawm Txawv Biofilter Media thiab hauv Dej
2.3.1 Microbial Community Composition ntawm Phylum Level
Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 4,Nyob rau theem phylum, cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm biofilms ntawm peb biofilter media yog tib yam, tag nrho yog Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, thiab Chloroflexi. Lawv cov txheeb ze sib xyaw ua ke yog 68.96%, 64.74%, thiab 65.45% feem. Cov kab mob tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov kab lis kev cai dej sib txawv. Cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv W1 yog Actinobacteriota, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 64.66%. Cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv W2 thiab W3 yog Proteobacteria, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 34.93% thiab 50.10% feem.
Fig. 4 Cov kab mob hauv zej zog muaj cov kab mob sib txawv hauv biofilm thiab dej ntawm qib phylum
2.3.2 Microbial Community Composition ntawm Tsev Neeg Qib
Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 5, ntawm biofilms ntawm peb qhov xov xwm, kwv yees li 48% ntawm cov kab mob yog cov kab mob hauv zej zog uas muaj cov txheeb ze muaj ntau tshaj li 3%. Cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm B1 thiab B2 yog tib yam, ob qho tib si yog Xanthomonadaceae, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 11.64% thiab 9.16% feem; cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm B3 yog JG30-KF-CM45, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 10.54%. Cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv dej kab lis kev cai txawv ntawm cov kab mob biofilter media. Microbacteriaceae yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv W1, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 62.10%; cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv W2, ntxiv rau Microbacteriaceae (13.82%), kuj suav nrog qee feem ntawm Rhizobiales (8.57%); Cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv W3 yog Rhizobiales, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 38.94%, tom qab ntawd los ntawm Flavobacteriaceae, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 15.89%.
Sab saum toj 50 hom ntawm qib genus raug suav. Tom qab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus lej, kev hloov pauv ntau ntawm ntau hom sib txawv hauv cov qauv tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov xim gradient ntawm cov xim blocks. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia hauvDaim duab 6. Leifsonia yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv W1, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 56.16%; Cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv W2 yog Leifsonia (10.30%) thiab Rhizobiales_Incertae_Sedis (8.47%); Cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv W3 yog Rhizobiales_Incertae_Sedis, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 38.92%. Ntawm cov kab mob uas txheeb xyuas tau ntawm biofilms, Thermomonas yog cov tseem ceeb hauv genus B1, nrog rau cov txheeb ze ntawm 4.71%; Cov genera tseem ceeb hauv B2 thiab B3 yog Nitrospira, nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 4.41% thiab 2.70% feem.
Fig. 5 Cov kab mob hauv zej zog muaj cov kab mob sib txawv hauv biofilmthiab dej hauv tsev neeg
Daim duab . 6 Heatmap ntawm cov kab mob hauv zej zog muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv biofilm thiab dej sib txawv ntawm qib genus
2.4 -Kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm Cov Zej Zog Microbial ntawm Biofilms ntawm Txawv Biofilter Media thiab hauv Dej
Raws li qhia hauvTable 1, Shannon Performance index ntawm cov zej zog microbial ntawm biofilms ntawm cov xov xwm sib txawv yog ntau dua li cov dej kab lis kev cai, thaum Simpson Performance index yog qhov txawv. Kev txheeb xyuas cov kab lis kev cai sib xws, cov kab mob hauv zej zog Shannon Performance index ntawm W2 yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, siab dua li ntawm W1 thiab W3, thaum Simpson Performance index qis dua li ntawm W1 thiab W3, qhia tias nws - ntau haiv neeg yog qhov siab tshaj. Qhov sib txawv ntawm -kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai dej, txawm hais tias cov kab mob microbial zej zog Shannon Performance index hauv B2 xov xwm yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab Simpson Performance index yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm peb lub biofilter media. Qhov sib npaug ntawm tag nrho cov qauv yog siab dua 0.990, qhia tias qhov sib txuas qhov tob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv.
2.5 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Kev Sib Txawv Biofilter Media ntawm Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Largemouth Bass
Rooj 2qhia txog qhov xwm txheej loj hlob ntawm bigmouth bass hauv ntau pawg biofilter media. Tom qab 44 hnub ntawm kab lis kev cai, qhov kawg ntawm lub cev hnyav thiab qhov hnyav nce ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam loj hauv pawg kab lis kev cai square sponge tau ntau dua li cov hauv cov pob hauv cov pob zeb thiab Biochip, thiab cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau qis dua li ntawm lwm pab pawg. Cov ciaj sia taus ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam loj hauv txhua pab pawg yog siab dua 97%, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pab pawg.
3. Kev xaus thiab kev sib tham
3.1 Biofilm Tsim Lub Sijhawm Sib Txawv Biofilter Media
Biofilms txuas rau saum npoo ntawm biofilter media. Cov khoom siv, qauv, thiab thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm biofilter media yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev tsim biofilm. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau kev cog qoob loo biofilm: txoj kev tsim biofilm ntuj thiab cov txheej txheem inoculated biofilm tsim. Cov txheej txheem biofilm sib txawv cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm loj hlob ntawm biofilm. Hu Xiaobing et al. siv plaub txoj kev sib txawv rau kev tsim biofilm, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias thaum siv cov txheej txheem xws li ntxiv chitosan, hlau ions, thiab inoculating nrog cov sludge tawm rau biofilm tsim, lub sij hawm maturation ntawm biofilm yog luv dua li ntawm txoj kev tsim biofilm. Txawm hais tias ntxiv cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis cov tshuaj nquag tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm tsim biofilm luv, muaj teeb meem xws li kev nyuaj rau kev tau txais cov inoculum, txoj kev tsim kho, thiab cov nqi siab. Guan Min li al., nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov organic teeb meem tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus, ncaj qha siv cov raw cov ntaub ntawv rau biofilm tsim, thiab lub biofilter tank ntse pib los ntawm natural biofilm tsim tom qab li ntawm 38 hnub. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb no zoo ib yam li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tib lub biofilm tsim cov xwm txheej, lub sij hawm tsim cov biofilm ntawm square sponge yog luv dua li ntawm ob lub biofilter media. Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau thaj tsam loj ntawm qhov chaw, muaj zog hydrophilicity, thiab yooj yim ntawm biofilm txuas ntawm square sponge. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw ntawm daim txhuam cev square yog siab li 32,000 ~ 35,000 m² / m³, loj dua li ob qhov kev tshaj tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv ntawm cov square sponge yog polyurethane, uas nthuav tawm thaum raug dej, muaj hydrophilicity siab, thiab yog qhov zoo rau kev sib txuas thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej. Cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb ntawm Li Yong et al. kuj tau pom tias qhov pib- nce kev ua tau zoo thiab ammonia nitrogen tshem tawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyurethane sponge tau zoo dua li cov polypropylene, uas yog raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv txoj kev tshawb no, thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm Biochip biofilter media yog siab li 5,500 m² / m³, ntau dua li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub txaj fluidized pob biofilter media, tab sis lub sij hawm tsim biofilm yog qhov zoo ib yam li ntawm fluidized txaj pob xov xwm. Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau qhov pore loj. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau taw qhia tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm biofilter media cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm biofilms. Txawm hais tias qee qhov kev tshaj tawm biofilter muaj thaj tsam loj, lawv qhov pores zoo, thiab qhov pore loj me dua li cov tuab ntawm biofilm uas paub tab, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau cov pore blockage, ua rau nws nyuaj rau biofilm hauv qhov pores kom ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws. Lub pores ntawm Biochip yog me me, uas ua rau qeeb qeeb biofilm kev loj hlob thiab ntev dua biofilm tsim lub sij hawm.
3.2 Microbial Community Composition ntawm Biofilter Media thiab Culture Dej
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm biofilter media thiab hauv cov kab lis kev cai dej sib txawv. Lub Shannon Performance index ntawm biofilms ntawm biofilter media yog ntau dua li ntawm cov kab lis kev cai sib xws, qhia tias biofilter media muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kab mob ua kom zoo. Qhov no yog raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm Hu Gaoyu li al. Muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau lub zej zog microbial qauv, xws li hom cab, lim qhov tob, salinity, organic teeb meem concentration, thiab lwm yam. Tib lub biofilter media, nyob rau hauv cov kab lis kev cai sib txawv, yuav muaj cov zej zog microbial sib txawv ntawm biofilm. Tus sau ib zaug tau kawm txog biofilm tsim teeb meem ntawm fluidized txaj pob biofilter media nyob rau hauv ib tug recirculating aquaculture system rau loj heev dej tshiab prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov phylum tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov biofilm yog Firmicutes, thaum nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov phylum tseem ceeb ntawm lub txaj fluidized pob biofilm yog Proteobacteria. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov sib txawv no tej zaum yuav txawv aquaculture ib puag ncig. Peb lub biofilter media siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no muaj tib yam kev mob pib rau kev cog qoob loo biofilms. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias vim muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev sib txawv ntawm cov xov xwm, cov txheej txheem biofilm tuab thiab ib puag ncig sab hauv kuj sib txawv, ua rau muaj kev sib txawv hauv cov zej zog microbial. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov sib txawv hauv cov zej zog microbial. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm aquaculture txheej txheem, dej ib puag ncig thiab microbial zej zog cuam tshuam ib leeg. Cov laj thawj rau qhov sib txawv hauv cov zej zog microbial tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog ib puag ncig yam. Piv txwv li, Yuan Cuilin txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tias tag nrho cov kab mob heterotrophic hauv lub cev; Fan Tingyu et al. ntseeg tias tus nqi pH tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv dej, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev faib cov kab mob hauv dej hauv cov dej hauv dej. Ammonia nitrogen, tag nrho phosphorus, thiab chlorophyll kuj cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob hauv cov zej zog hauv dej rau ntau qib. Cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov zej zog microbial nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tseem xav tau kev pom zoo ntxiv.
3.3 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Kev Sib Txawv Biofilter Media ntawm Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Largemouth Bass
Los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev loj hlob, qhov loj ntawm qhov ncauj bass thaj tsam hauv pawg square sponge loj hlob sai tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov hnyav nce tus nqi siab dua li ntawm ob qho kev tshaj tawm, thiab qhov qis tshaj pub hloov pauv hloov pauv. Qhov no zoo ib yam nrog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, biofilm tsim thiab aquaculture tau ua ib txhij. Judging los ntawm lub sij hawm tsim biofilm, lub square sponge biofilm matured ua ntej, thiab tom qab lub biofilm matured, cov concentrations ntawm ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen nyob rau hauv dej yeej ib txwm qis dua cov ntawm lwm cov xov xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov square sponge muaj ib qho kev pom muaj peev xwm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm hauv cov kab lis kev cai dej qis dua, thiab cov dej kuj pom tseeb. Kev loj hlob zoo dua ntawm bigmouth bass nyob rau hauv pawg square sponge tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau cov dej zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua kom huv ntawm cov ntaub npog ntsej muag ntawm tag nrho cov nitrogen, tag nrho phosphorus, thiab permanganate Performance index hauv dej xav tau kev kawm ntxiv. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias thaum lub sij hawm sim, tus nqi pH qhia tag nrho downward trend. Tom qab 12 hnub ntawm kab lis kev cai, pH tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam yog tsawg dua 6.0, uas yog raws li kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam ntawm Zhang Long li al. Qhov txo qis ntawm tus nqi pH yog vim muaj coob tus ntawm hydrogen ions raug tsim thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem ntawm cultivation ntawm biofilm, ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov dej pH nqi. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem biofilm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd tus nqi pH ntawm kab lis kev cai tank dej kom ntseeg tau tias nws nyob rau hauv qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab lis kev cai. Xav txog kev lag luam tus nqi, tus nqi lag luam ntawm square sponge yog 70 ~ 100 RMB / kg, thiab nws cov nqi yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub biofilter media. Ua ke nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev loj hlob, nyob rau lub sij hawm luv luv, daim txhuam cev square yog ib qho kev siv dej biofilter media rau recirculating aquaculture. Txawm li cas los xij, daim txhuam cev square muaj qhov tsis zoo toughness thiab lub neej ua haujlwm luv luv. Nws ntev - siv cov teebmeem thiab cov teebmeem ntawm aquaculture xav tau kev txheeb xyuas ntxiv.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus,nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob biofilm tsim, square sponge biofilter media muaj lub sij hawm luv tshaj biofilm tsim, tus nqi nruab nrab, thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub cev loj thiab qhov hnyav nce tus nqi ntawm bigmouth bass nyob rau hauv cov square sponge pawg tau ntau dua li cov ntawm ob lub biofilter media. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv, nws yog ib qho kev siv dej kho biofilter media rau recirculating aquaculture.