Industrial recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), raws li ib tug tshiab aquaculture technology uas tau tsav los ntawm lub teb chaws facility fisheries txoj cai, ua tiav intensification, high efficiency, thiab ib puag ncig sustainability nyob rau hauv aquaculture los ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm industrial engineering khoom thiab ib puag ncig tswj technologies. Nwscore zoosuav nrog:Kev rov ua dua dej txuag ntau dua 90% ntawm cov dej, kev ywj pheej los ntawm cheeb tsam thiab raws caij nyoog txwv, kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb xws li dej kub thiab yaj cov pa oxygen, txhim kho av tsim tau zoo thiab hloov pauv hloov pauv.. Nws tau lees paub tias yog ib qho kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm aquaculture. Tus cwj pwm los ntawm "kev nqis peev siab, siab ceev, thiab kev tso tawm siab," nws txoj kev siv dav dav yog txwv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li kev nqis peev siab tshaj plaws (cov nqi ntawm cov chaw thiab cov cuab yeej siv) thiab cov kev cuam tshuam siab (cov noob acclimation thiab kev tswj dej zoo).
Mandarin Ntses (Siniperca chuatsi), raws li qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm - cov hom tsiaj hauv dej hiav txwv, ntsib cov teeb meem hauv kev ua liaj ua teb ib txwm muaj xws li cov kab mob tsis tu ncua, nyuaj rau kev tswj dej kom zoo, thiab cov qoob loo tsis ruaj khov. Tam sim no, kev tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam RAS ntawm Mandarin Ntses tseem tsis txaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis muaj kev coj ua hauv thaj chaw xws li kev ua liaj ua teb kom zoo, tsim cov cuab yeej siv siab, thiab cov txheej txheem dej huv. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsom mus rau kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev siv dej kom zoo, txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheem khoom siv rau thaj av-raws li kev lag luam aquaculture ntawm Mandarin Fish. Los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg qis qis thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov cuab yeej txuas nrog cov cuab yeej siv, kev sim kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb xws li dej purification efficiency thiab bio- load peev yog ua. Lub hom phiaj yog los tsim cov kev daws teeb meem uas siv tau los txhawb kev ua haujlwm siab - kev loj hlob zoo ntawm Mandarin Fish ua lag luam.
1. Industrial Recirculating Aquaculture Process Flow
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam RAS yog ua tiav cov dej sib npaug thiab rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm kev kaw - voj voog txheej txheem ntawm "lub cev pom - lom purification - tshuaj tua kab mob thiab oxygenation". "Kev yug ntses pib nrog kev nce dej"; qhov tsis xws li dej ntws nrawm, qhov kub thiab txias, pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, thiab qib oxygen yaj ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ib puag ncig ntawm Mandarin Ntses. Qhov kev tsim qauv no ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "me me, ntau chav nyob". → kua → roj, cov khoom pov tseg kev kho yog qib los ntawm "loj particle loj → me me me", thiab cov txheej txheem pom thiab tshuaj tua kab mob sib txuas.
Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 1Cov txheej txheem ntws yog: cov kua dej los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai tank tau ua ntej tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg loj, nkag mus rau cov txheej txheem ntxhib thiab zoo lim kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab zoo, tom qab ntawd dhau los ntawm biofilter kom degrade cov khoom tsis zoo xws li ammonia nitrogen, thiab thaum kawg, tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob thiab oxygenation, rov qab mus rau cov kab lis kev cai tank, dej ua kom zoo thiab kev tswj xyuas dej.
2. Tsim thiab tshawb fawb txog Mandarin Fish Aquaculture Facilities thiab khoom siv
Kev tsim cov chaw tsim khoom hauv av ib txwm siv feem ntau nyob ntawm kev paub dhau los, yooj yim ua rau cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab cov nqi pov tseg. Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 2, txoj kev tshawb no, raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm huab hwm coj, tsim qauv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws biomass nqa peev xwm ntawm Mandarin Fish. Los ntawm kev xam qhov siab tshaj plaws pub noj, tag nrho cov pov tseg, thiab ammonia nitrogen ntau lawm, kev xaiv cov cuab yeej siv tau tiav. Siv Mandarin Fish ua lag luam hauv Jiangxi raws li qhov kev tshawb fawb, kev tsom mus rau kev ua kom zoo tshaj qhov qis - cuam tshuam cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas. Rhiav layout yog qhia nyob rau hauvDaim duab 3. Qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm thaj av-raws li kev lag luam RAS rau Mandarin Ntses tau qhia hauvDaim duab 4.
2.1 Kab lis kev cai Dej Recirculation Parameter Tsim
Tus nqi rov qab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li Mandarin Fish stocking ceev, dej ntim, thiab kev kho dej.
Dej recirculation ntim xam cov mis:Q = V × N
Qhov twg: Q yog qhov ntim ntawm cov dej recirculation (m³ / h);
V yog kab lis kev cai dej ntim (m³);
N yog tus naj npawb ntawm recirculations ib hnub (times / d).
Kab lis kev cai Tank Tsim: Ib lub tank taub 6m, qhov siab 1.2m, lub khob hliav qab hauv qab qhov siab 0.3m.
xam ntim yog π × 3² × 1.2 + 1 / 3 × π × 3² × 0.3 ≈ 33.91 m³, qhov tseeb kab lis kev cai dej ntim yog li 30 m³. Ib lub rhiav muaj 10 kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam, tag nrho cov dej ntim 300 m³.
Kev khiav hauj lwm Parameters: Recirculation rate N yog teem rau ntawm 3-5 zaug/d; pleev xim dej ncig yog 10% ntawm tag nrho cov dej ntim (kom them nyiaj rau evaporation thiab paug tawm), kho hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag los ntawm kev saib xyuas online.
2.2 Kab lis kev cai Tank thiab pov tseg Device Design
Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 5, cov kab lis kev cai tank yog tsim los nrog cov hom phiaj ntawm "cov pov tseg ceev ceev thiab cov dej tsis sib xws," siv lub voj voog lub cev ua ke nrog cov qauv hauv qab lub khob hliav qab. Ib qho khoom siv "Fish Toilet" tau nruab rau hauv qab kom ua tiav qhov qis - cuam tshuam cov pov tseg pov tseg. Ntses Toilet tau optimized raws li hauv qab no:
- Inlet / qhov hluav taws xob yeeb nkab txoj kab uas hla standardized mus rau 200mm kom nce ndlwg tshaj tawm.
- Npog phaj txais yuav ib qho kev sib hloov streamlined tsim los txhim kho cov kev sib hloov ntawm cov dej ntws hauv qab thiab txhim kho tus kheej - tu lub peev xwm.
3. Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Kho Mob Pleev Pleev Tsim thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb
Cov khoom siv tau raug kho los ntawm kev faib loj me me uas siv peb - theem txheej txheem "pretreatment - coarse filtration - fine filtration". Cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb tau qhia hauvTable 1.
3.1 Txheej txheem Pretreatment
Siv cov dej ntws ntsug txuas nrog rau sab -kua thiab hauv qab- cov kab ke ntawm kab lis kev cai tank, siv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus sib cais kom tshem tawm cov khoom loj dua lossis sib npaug li 100μm. Tus neeg nyob ncaj qha txuas mus rau cov kab lis kev cai tank kom txo cov kav xa hluav taws xob thauj khoom thiab txo cov khoom thauj ntawm cov theem tom ntej pom.
3.2 Coarse Filtration txheej txheem
Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 6, cov txheej txheem coarse filtration nyob rau ntawm lub microscreen nruas lim. Cov qauv tsim muaj xws li: nrhiav cov cuab yeej ze rau cov kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam kom txo cov kav dej ntev thiab txo kev siv hluav taws xob.
Siv PLC tswj qhov system kom ua tiav rov qab tsis siv neeg (4-6 zaug / d), koom tes nrog kev saib xyuas dej hauv online rau kev hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm.
Siv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntws tsim los txo cov twj siv hluav taws xob thiab txo cov nqi khiav haujlwm.
3.3 Fine Filtration txheej txheem
Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 7, cov txheej txheem zoo filtration ntxiv purifies dej zoo los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm biofilter thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Biofilter: Xaiv qhov siab- tshwj xeeb-ntev- thaj chaw xov xwm, hydraulic tuav lub sij hawm 1-2h, tswj cov pa oxygen ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 5 mg / L, degrades ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite.
- Cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob: Ultraviolet sterilizer ( koob tshuaj 3-5 × 10⁴ μW·s/cm²) los yog ozone generator (concentration 0.1-0.3 mg/L, hu lub sij hawm 10-15 min) los tua kab mob kab mob.
- Oxygenation System: Pure oxygen oxygenator siv ua ke nrog aerators kom ruaj khov yaj cov pa oxygen.
4. Pipeline Layout thiab Tswj System
4.1 Pipeline Layout Design
Cov kav dej tau muab faib los ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau plaub hom: kev siv dej, rov ua dua tshiab, pov tseg pov tseg, thiab dej pleev xim. Cov qauv tsim: Txhim kho qhov teeb tsa zoo nyob ib puag ncig cov kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam, txo lub luj tshib thiab kav ntev kom txo tau lub taub hau poob; xyuas kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov dej tawm kom ruaj khov hauv cov kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam; Cov kav dej khib nyiab muaj txoj kab nqes (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 3%) los pab txhawb tus kheej - ntws cov khoom pov tseg.
4.2 Tswj System Tsim
Lub kaw lus tau txais kev kaw - voj architecture ntawm "Sensors - Controller - Actuators" raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 8. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
- Tiag -kev saib xyuas dej zoo: Kev sau cov ntaub ntawv online ntawm cov pa oxygen, pH, thiab ammonia nitrogen sensors.
- Cov cuab yeej txuas txuas tswj: Tsis siv neeg hloov kho ntawm microscreen backwashing, lub zog oxygenator, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob runtime raws li cov dej tsis zoo.
- txhaum ceeb toom: Suab nrov thiab pom lub tswb tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txawv txav, thawb mus rau cov chaw tswj hwm ntawm Ethernet lossis kev sib txuas lus wireless.
5. Cov Khoom Siv Ua Haujlwm Kev Ntsuas Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 9, rau - lub hlis sim ua haujlwm tau ua ntawm Mandarin Fish ua liaj ua teb hauv Jiangxi. Lub kaw lus tau ntsib tsis muaj kev kho dej tsis zoo, thiab kev saib xyuas thiab ceeb toom ntxov ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
Tsis pom muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm kev kho dej thaum siv, kev saib xyuas, ceeb toom ntxov, thiab kev tswj xyuas ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Aeration nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam tau siv ua ke nrog kev tswj cov pa oxygen thaum lub sij hawm ua liaj ua teb. Kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb yog qhia hauvRooj 2.
Thaum lub sij hawm sim, cov khoom ntim tau ncav cuag 50-60 ntses / m³, kev ciaj sia ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 90%, kev loj hlob nce 20% piv rau kev ua liaj ua teb ib txwm muaj, thiab cov dej rov ua dua tshiab tau nce mus txog 92%, ua tiav cov hom phiaj txuag hluav taws xob thiab emission txo cov hom phiaj.
6. Cov ntsiab lus
Lub teb chaws-raws li kev lag luam RAS rau Mandarin Ntses ua tiav cov hom phiaj ntawm aquaculture ntawm "kev txuag dej, kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig" los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm engineering, chaw-raws li, thiab digital- cov thev naus laus zis ntse. Kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no nyob rau hauv: optimizing cov cuab yeej xaiv raws li biomass nqa peev txheej qauv los txhim kho kev sib txuam; txhim kho qhov qis- cuam tshuam cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg kom txhim khu kev tshem tawm pov tseg; tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv tswj kom ua tiav cov kev tswj xyuas dej zoo.
Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem txhawb nqa thiab siv rau lwm qhov kev ua liaj ua teb dej tshiab, muab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev siv zog ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm aquaculture. Kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau txo qis cov cuab yeej siv thiab ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sensor kom nce qhov kev nkag mus rau technology.