Cov kua dej zoo
1. Cov khoom organic ntau dhau
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob ntawm cov organic teeb meem muaj xws li:
(1) Khoom noj khoom haus
Feem ntau, cov as-ham xws li nitrogen thiab phosphorus hauv dej khib nyiab yog txaus rau microbial xav tau, thiab feem ntau ntau dhau. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov dej khib nyiab muaj qhov siab, cov pa roj carbon -nitrogen-phosphorus ratio yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua tau raws li tus qauv ntawm 100: 5: 1.
● Yog tias tsis muaj nitrogen, cov ntsev ammonium feem ntau yog ntxiv.
● Yog tias phosphorus tsis txaus, phosphoric acid lossis phosphates feem ntau yog ntxiv.
(2) pH
Qhov pH ntawm cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau yog nruab nrab, xws li ntawm 6.5 txog 7.5. Kev txo qis me ntsis hauv pH yuav tshwm sim los ntawm anaerobic fermentation hauv cov kav dej phwj tuaj. Kev poob qis pH tseem ceeb thaum lub caij los nag yog feem ntau vim yog lub nroog cov kua qaub nag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kav dej ua ke.
Kev hloov pauv sai sai thiab loj hauv pH, txawm tias nce lossis txo qis, feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm loj ntawm cov dej khib nyiab. Kho cov pH ntawm cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau suav nrog kev ntxiv sodium hydroxide lossis sulfuric acid, tab sis qhov no nce nqi kho mob.
(3) Roj thiab roj
Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm oily tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab yog siab, aeration efficiency ntawm cov khoom siv aeration yuav txo. Yog tias tsis muaj aeration, kev kho mob yuav poob, tab sis nce aeration inevitably nce nqi khiav hauj lwm.
Cov ntsiab lus roj siab kuj tseem txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov sludge activated, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau cov sludge bulking, ua rau cov khib nyiab tshem tawm (SS) hauv cov dej ntws tawm ntau tshaj cov qauv. Rau qhov muaj zog nrog cov ntsiab lus roj siab, cov cuab yeej tshem tawm cov roj yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv theem ua ntej.
(4) Kub
Kub muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem activated sludge.
● Ua ntej, nws cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm microbial. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, yog tias tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas, kev kho mob yuav txo qis.
● Thib ob, nws cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais kev ua tau zoo hauv cov twj tso kua mis thib ob; Piv txwv li, qhov kub thiab txias hloov tuaj yeem ua rau qhov ceev ceev thiab luv luv -circuiting; Tsis tshua muaj kub nce sludge viscosity thiab txo kev daws teeb meem.
● Peb, qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam rau aeration efficiency. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, qhov kub siab dua qis dua cov pa oxygen saturation, ua rau cov pa oxygen hloov tau yooj yim dua thiab txo qis kev ua haujlwm aeration. Nws kuj txo cov huab cua ntom ntom, yog li txhawm rau tswj cov huab cua tib yam, cov huab cua ntim yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv.
2.TP (Tag nrho Phosphorus) Tshaj Cov Qauv
Kev tshem tawm cov phosphorus lom yog nyob ntawm polyphosphate- cov kab mob sib sau (PAOs) tso phosphorus nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej anaerobic thiab nqus cov phosphorus ntau dhau hauv cov xwm txheej aerobic. Phosphorus raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev tso tawm phosphorus - nplua nuj sludge. Cov laj thawj rau TP tshaj cov qauv muaj xws li:
(1) Kub
Qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam rau kev tshem tawm phosphorus tsawg dua qhov kev tshem tawm cov nitrogen lom. Hauv qee qhov ntau, kev tshem tawm cov phosphorus lom neeg ua haujlwm tau zoo txawm tias muaj kev hloov pauv kub. Cov kev sim qhia tias kev tshem tawm phosphorus yog qhov zoo dua ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 10 degree, txij li PAOs loj hlob qeeb ntawm qhov kub qis.
(2) Tus nqi pH
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm pH 6.5 thiab 8.0, phosphorus cov ntsiab lus thiab uptake tus nqi ntawm polyphosphate microorganisms nyob ruaj khov. Thaum pH poob qis dua 6.5, phosphorus uptake poob qis heev. Sudden pH poob ua rau muaj kev nce sai hauv phosphorus concentration nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si aerobic thiab anaerobic aav; qhov pH poob ntau dua, cov phosphorus tso tawm ntau dua. Qhov kev tso tawm no tsis yog physiological lossis biochemical teb ntawm PAOs tab sis cov tshuaj "acid dissolution" nkaus xwb. Loj anaerobic phosphorus tso tawm vim pH poob ua rau qis aerobic phosphorus uptake, qhia tias qhov tso tawm yog kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Me ntsis phosphorus uptake tshwm sim thaum pH nce.
(3) Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Txhua mg ntawm molecular oxygen tuaj yeem haus 1.14 mg ntawm biodegradable COD, inhibiting PAO kev loj hlob thiab cuam tshuam phosphorus tshem tawm. Lub cheeb tsam anaerobic yuav tsum tswj kom tsis muaj DO kom txaus siab rau cov kua qaub fermentation los ntawm anaerobes, txhawb phosphorus tso tawm los ntawm PAOs, thiab kom txo tau cov biodegradable organic teeb meem, ua rau PAOs synthesize ntau PHB. Hloov pauv, thaj chaw aerobic xav kom DO ntau dua los txhawb PAOs hauv kev txo qis PHB kom tau txais lub zog rau nqus cov phosphate yaj los ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj thiab ua kom cov khoom siv hauv cov cellular polyphosphate. DO yuav tsum tau tswj hwm qis dua 0.3 mg / L hauv thaj chaw anaerobic thiab siab dua 2 mg / L hauv thaj chaw aerobic kom ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo anaerobic phosphorus tso tawm thiab aerobic uptake.
(4) Nitrate Nitrogen hauv Anaerobic Tank
Nitrate nitrogen nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam anaerobic siv cov organic substrates, inhibiting PAOs 'phosphorus tso tawm thiab yog li cuam tshuam rau phosphorus uptake nyob rau hauv aerobic tej yam kev mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nitrate nitrogen yog siv los ntawm denitrifying kab mob raws li electron txais rau denitrification, uas cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem fermentation tsim cov kua qaub uas xav tau rau PAO phosphorus metabolism, suppressing PAO phosphorus tso tawm, uptake, thiab PHB synthesis. Txhua mg ntawm nitrate nitrogen noj 2.86 mg ntawm biodegradable COD, suppressing anaerobic phosphorus tso tawm. Feem ntau, nitrate nitrogen tswj tau qis dua 1.5 mg / L.
(5) Hnub nyoog Sludge
Kev tshem tawm phosphorus feem ntau yog ua tiav los ntawm kev tso tawm ntau dhau sludge; Yog li, tus nqi ntawm cov sludge tshaj txiav txim siab tshem tawm efficiency. Sludge muaj hnub nyoog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau sludge paug ntim thiab phosphorus uptake. Lub hnub nyoog qis dua txhim kho phosphorus tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua kom cov sludge tawm ntau dhau thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob phosphorus, txo cov phosphorus hauv theem nrab sedimentation effluent. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshem tawm cov roj ntsha nitrogen thiab phosphorus yuav tsum muaj lub hnub nyoog txaus rau nitrifying thiab denitrifying cov kab mob loj hlob, feem ntau ua rau kev tshem tawm phosphorus tsis txaus siab. Feem ntau, sludge hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv phosphorus tshem tawm systems yog tswj ntawm 3.5 thiab 7 hnub.
(6) COD/TP Ratio
Hauv kev tshem tawm cov phosphorus lom, hom thiab tus nqi ntawm cov organic substrates nyob rau hauv theem anaerobic, thiab qhov piv ntawm cov as-ham xav tau los ntawm microbes rau phosphorus hauv dej phwj tuaj, cuam tshuam rau kev tshem tawm efficiency. Cov substrates sib txawv induce sib txawv phosphorus tso tawm thiab uptake. Tsawg molecular yuag, yooj yim degradable organics (xws li, volatile fatty acids) yog siv los ntawm PAOs los tso cov polyphosphate khaws cia thiab induce phosphorus tso tawm. Siab molecular hnyav, nyuaj-kom-degrade organics induce phosphorus tsis muaj zog tso tawm. Qhov ntau ua tiav cov phosphorus tso tawm anaerobically, qhov ntau dua phosphorus uptake aerobically. PAOs siv lub zog los ntawm anaerobic phosphorus tso tawm kom nqus cov organic molecular tsawg rau kev ciaj sia nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej anaerobic. Yog li, txaus cov organic teeb meem (COD/TP> 15) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau PAO ciaj sia taus thiab zoo tagnrho phosphorus tshem tawm.
(7) Yooj Yim Biodegradable COD (RBCOD)
Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov substrates zoo li acetic, propionic, thiab formic acid ua rau cov phosphorus tso tawm siab, uas nyob ntawm seb cov activated sludge concentration thiab microbial muaj pes tsawg leeg, tsis yog substrate concentration. Xws li phosphorus tso tawm ua raws li xoom- xaj kinetics. Lwm cov organics yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau cov molecules me me ua ntej PAOs tuaj yeem metabolize lawv.
(8) Glycogen
Glycogen yog ib tug loj branched polysaccharide muaj li ntawm qab zib units thiab ua hauj lwm raws li intracellular zog cia. Hauv PAOs, glycogen tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig aerobic, khaws cia lub zog metabolized nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob los tsim NADH (ib tug precursor rau PHA synthesis), muab metabolic zog. Ntau dhau aeration lossis dhau-oxidation txo glycogen hauv PAOs, ua rau NADH tsis txaus hauv cov xwm txheej anaerobic thiab tshem tawm cov phosphorus tsis zoo.
(9) Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)
Nyob rau hauv zoo-kev ua haujlwm hauv nroog lom neeg nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm cov kab ke, phosphorus tso tawm thiab tso tawm feem ntau xav tau 1.5-2.5 teev thiab 2.0-3.0 teev, raws li. Phosphorus tso tawm me ntsis tseem ceeb dua; Yog li, anaerobic HRT raug saib xyuas zoo. luv luv anaerobic HRT tiv thaiv kom txaus phosphorus tso tawm thiab cov organic teeb meem tawg mus rau tsawg fatty acids; ntev dhau lawm ua rau tus nqi thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim. Kev tso tawm phosphorus thiab uptake muaj kev cuam tshuam: kev tso tawm anaerobic txaus txhim kho aerobic uptake thiab vice versa, tsim lub voj voog zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm qhia tias tsim nyog HRTs li 1h15m-1h45m anaerobic thiab 2h-3h10m aerobic.
(10) Rov qab piv (R)
Hauv cov txheej txheem A / O (anaerobic / aerobic), nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj tau cov pa oxygen txaus nyob rau hauv cov activated sludge rov qab los ntawm lub aeration tank mus rau lwm lub tank sedimentation los tiv thaiv anaerobic phosphorus tso tawm tom kawg. Yog tsis muaj sludge tshem tawm sai, tuab sludge txheej ua rau anaerobic phosphorus tso tawm txawm tias siab DO. Yog li, qhov sib piv rov qab yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dhau, ua kom cov sludge tawm sai sai los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam sedimentation. Kev xa rov qab ntau dhau los ua kom muaj zog siv zog thiab txo cov sij hawm khaws cia hauv lub tank aeration, impairing BOD5 thiab phosphorus tshem tawm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rov qab piv ntawm 50% thiab 70%.
3.Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab hluav taws xob
Kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj thiab sludge kev kho yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab hluav taws xob txhim khu kev qha, uas tseem cuam tshuam rau cov nroj tsuag siv zog.
(1) Bar Screen Tshuab
Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev kho mob, nquag ua txhaum uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov dej phwj tuaj. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim:
Jamming vim bearing hnav lossis mechanical tsis ua haujlwm. Yuav tsum tsis tu ncua lubrication thiab tshuaj xyuas.
Thaiv los ntawm fibers, hnab yas ua rau txo qis thiab ntws. Yuav tsum muaj kev hloov kho dua tshiab lossis kev ntxuav tes.
(2) Cov twj tso kua mis
Feem ntau yog cov twj submersible. Lub twj tso kua mis impeller thiab lub nplhaib foob lub nplhaib tuaj yeem txhaws los ntawm cov khib nyiab, txo kev sib khi thiab ua haujlwm, ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua, twj tso kua mis tig, thiab txhim kho bar screen ua haujlwm pom zoo.
Kev sib txawv inflow thiab sau system tsim yuav tsum tau cov twj tso kua mis nyob rau hauv gradients nrog ruaj -ceev thiab variable -ceev twj tso kua mis los tswj kev hloov tau zoo.
(3) Blowers
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab lub zog- siv zog. Parameters muaj xws li airflow, siab, zog noj, thiab suab nrov. Centrifugal blowers feem ntau siv nrog qhov zoo dua hauv paus tshuab hauv kev ua haujlwm, kev ua neej nyob, suab nrov, thiab ruaj khov. Kev tswj hwm qhov sib txawv thiab ntau qhov kev teeb tsa lub tshuab ua kom zoo rau kev siv lub zog.
Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm cov roj txias, lim dej, thiab ua kom cov roj zoo yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv emulsification thiab overheating.
(4) Aeration taub hau
Feem ntau yog microporous daim nyias nyias (disc, dome, phaj, raj hom). Clogging thiab roj hmab aging txo oxygen hloov efficiency. Kev tu tsis tu ncua nrog formic acid lossis siab - cua siab yog xav tau, nrog kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb. Cov dej ntws yuav tsum tau qhib tsis tu ncua kom tshem tawm cov condensate. Hnyav clogged los yog puas diffusers yuav tsum tau hloov.
(5) Cov khoom siv tshem tawm Sludge
Qee cov txheej txheem tsis muaj cov twj tso kua mis thib ob (piv txwv li, SBR, UNITANK), ua rau sludge txheej funneling thiab tsis txaus sludge paug, nce zog thiab tshuaj noj. Nquag lossis ntau- taw tes sludge tawm tau pom zoo. Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm scraper thiab suction cov cuab yeej hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam sedimentation yog tsim nyog.
(6) Dewatering tshuab
Ob hom tseem ceeb: centrifuge thiab siv lim xovxwm.
4. Centrifuge:
Xav txog sludge concentration, feed rate, speed differential, polymer npaum li cas ntawm ncuav mog qab zib solids, filtrate SS, thiab rov qab.
Qhov loj dua qhov sib txawv ua kom cov sludge tuav, nce cov ntsiab lus noo noo thiab lim cov khib nyiab.
Qhov sib txawv me me txhim kho kev sib cais tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo txhaws.
Kho cov tshuaj polymer ntau npaum li cas thiab pub tus nqi kom zoo.
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim:ceeb toom vim kev ntxuav tsis txaus, kev coj tus kheej overheating los ntawm lubrication blockage, lub cev muaj zog tswb los ntawm zaus converter, thiab sludge tsis tawm vim me me sludge flocs tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij los nag. Kho cov kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm kom txo tau.
Belt Lim Xovxwm:
Sludge compressed thiab sheared nruab nrab ntawm ob txoj siv hla hla cov menyuam kom tshem tawm cov dej.
Kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus suav nrog kev faib cov sludge, mos scrapers, nozzle tu tshuab, tsis siv neeg txoj siv taug qab, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev sib tshuam.
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim: siv txoj hlua khi, txoj siv sib txawv, txhaws, thiab cov khoom qab zib poob qis feem ntau yog vim kev thauj khoom ntau dhau, tsis tsim nyog, cov chais puas, thiab cov khoom polymer ntau dhau. Kev hloov kho tsis tu ncua thiab tu yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Saib Xyuas Cov Cuab Yeej
Cov impurity siab thiab hnyav ib puag ncig ua rau kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov kws tshuaj ntsuam online, cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm thiab automation.
Cov qauv dej kom zoo pretreatment units thiab cov ntsuas ntsuas sib phim rau cov concentration ntau yog tsim nyog. Cov cuab yeej loj yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem tswj tau sib xws nrog cov nroj tsuag automation kom txo tau cov nqi sib txuas lus.
Cov txheej txheem tu muaj xws li cov khoom seem, kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua, tu, thiab hloov cov khoom siv.
Kev tiv thaiv xob laim yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv sab nraum zoov vim muaj kev sib tsoo ntau zaus ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj. Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ua rau cov nqi kho siab thiab kev pheej hmoo ua haujlwm.