Litopenaeus vannamei, feem ntau hu ua Pacific dawb cws, yog hom euryhaline muaj nuj nqis rau nws cov nqaij yield, muaj zog tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev loj hlob sai. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cw hom ua liaj ua teb hauv Suav teb. Tam sim no, cov qauv ua liaj ua teb tseem ceeb rau L. vannamei hauv Suav teb suav nrog cov pas dej sab nraum zoov, cov pas dej me me, thiab cov pas dej siab - theem. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim khoom hauv tsev tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam, xav tau kev xa khoom tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nthuav dav sai ntawm cov qauv xws li kev ua liaj ua teb tsev cog khoom me me tau nthuav tawm cov teeb meem xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis tiav, kev kis kab mob ntau zaus, thiab cov teeb meem hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tawm tswv yim rau kev txuag cov peev txheej thiab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov, Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), tau lees paub tias yog tus qauv ua liaj ua teb hnyav, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, tau txais kev saib xyuas thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam hauv xyoo tas los no.
RAS ntiav cov txheej txheem kev lag luam los tswj cov dej ib puag ncig. Nws nta kev siv dej tsawg, me me hneev taw, muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig tsawg, thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig siab - cov khoom zoo, nyab xeeb nrog cov kab mob tsawg dua thiab cov khoom ntim ntau dua. Nws qhov kev tsim khoom feem ntau tsis txwv los ntawm thaj chaw lossis huab cua. Cov qauv no boasts siab kev siv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nqis peev siab thiab kev tsim tawm siab, sawv cev rau txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam aquaculture. Tam sim no, kev ua liaj ua teb hauv tsev ntawm L. vannamei yog tsom rau thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv, feem ntau yog siv cov dej hiav txwv ntuj. Cov cheeb tsam hauv av, txwv tsis pub los ntawm cov dej muaj thiab cov kev cai ib puag ncig, ntsib qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Tshawb nrhiav RAS siv cov dej hiav txwv zoo nkauj hauv thaj chaw hauv av tuav qhov tseem ceeb rau kev muab kev lag luam hauv zos thiab txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam. Qhov kev sim no tau ua tiav qhov RAS sab hauv tsev rau L. vannamei nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw hauv av thiab ua tiav kev cog qoob loo. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tsim kho, kev npaj dej hiav txwv, thiab kev tswj xyuas ua liaj ua teb tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua liaj ua teb sab hauv L. vannamei.
1. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
1.1 Cov khoom siv
Qhov kev sim tau ua nyob rau hauv Sichuan Xeev Leiocassis longirostris Original Breeding Farm. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm -larval L. vannamei (P5 theem) tau los ntawm Huanghua Base ntawm Qingdao Hainen Aquatic Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd., thiab tau noj qab nyob zoo. Cov khoom noj siv yog "Xia Gan Qiang" hom los ntawm Tongwei Group Co., Ltd. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog: cov protein ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 44.00%, cov roj crude Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 6.00%, crude fiber tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5.00%, thiab cov hmoov tshauv crude Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 16.00%.
1.2 Artificial Seawater Npaj
Cov dej hauv av tau siv los ntawm lub qhov dej. Nws tau raug kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob (bleaching hmoov 30 mg / L, aerated rau 72 h), tshem tawm cov tshuaj chlorine residual (sodium thiosulfate, 15 mg / L), thiab detoxification [Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10–30 mg / L] ua ntej siv dej hiav txwv.
Artificial seawater nrog ib tug salinity ntawm 8 tau npaj siv hiav txwv ntsev crystals raws li cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb; nws cov khoom tseem ceeb tau teev nyob rau hauvTable 1. Khoom noj khoom haus-qib CaCl₂, MgSO₄, thiab KCl tau siv los ntxiv Ca, Mg, thiab K cov ntsiab lus. Tom qab kev npaj, zaub mov-qib NaHCO₃ tau siv los kho tag nrho cov alkalinity rau 250 mg/L (raws li CaCO₃), thiab NaHCO₃ nrog rau citric acid monohydrate tau siv los kho pH rau 8.2–8.4.
1.3 RAS Construction
1.3.1 Zuag qhia tag nrho Kev Tsim Qauv
Ua ke tsim kev ywj pheej nrog kev sib koom ua ke, ib qho RAS rau L. vannamei tau tsim los siv ntau-theem kev kho lub cev thiab biofiltration. Cov tswv yim ua haujlwm zoo sib xws, cov txheej txheem hloov kho dej zoo, thiab cov tswv yim pub mis rau kev tshawb fawb tau ua raws li cov cw txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov theem sib txawv, tsom rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, kev lag luam tawm tswv yim, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
1.3.2 Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb Flow thiab Technical Parameters
Ib lub thawv uas twb muaj lawm-raws li kev ua liaj ua teb ntses tau hloov kho los tsim L. vannamei RAS, muaj cov kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam, lub plhaub sib xyaw / cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke (peb- txoj kev tso dej), biofilter, cov twj tso kua mis, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem ntws tau qhia hauvDaim duab 1.
Lub kaw lus tsim tag nrho cov dej ntim yog 750 m³, nrog rau kev kho dej ntim ntawm 150 m³ thiab cov kab lis kev cai zoo ntawm 600 m³. Kev tsim kab lis kev cai yog 7 kg / m³. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tau teev tseg hauvRooj 2.
1.3.3 Kev tsim qauv tsim
Rau octagonal kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam tau teem rau hauv ob kab. Xav txog kev tswj kom yooj yim, kev ruaj ntseg ib puag ncig, thiab cov nqi peev, cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog cib - pob zeb. Qhov ntev yog: ntev 10.0 m, dav 10.0 m, qhov tob 1.2 m, nrog txiav npoo ntawm 3.0 m. Cov dej ntim tau zoo rau ib lub tank yog 100 m³. Lub tank hauv qab muaj txoj kab nqes (16%) mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntws (Daim duab 2).
Peb -txoj kev tso kua dej muaj xws li lub hauv paus collector (rau cov cw tuag, plhaub, thiab cov khoom loj), ib tug ntsug ntws sedimentation collector (rau cov plhaub tawg, cov khoom nruab nrab, cov quav), thiab ib sab siphon -kho lub thawv ntim khoom (rau cov plhaub zoo thiab cov me me - mus rau - cov khoom nruab nrab) (Daim duab 2).
Ib sab ntawm lub tank txias muaj cov yas txhuam xov xwm rau kev sau thiab tshem tawm cov plhaub thiab cov khoom tawm ntawm lub tank tawm. Kev hloov kho rau calcium, magnesium, tag nrho alkalinity, thiab pH tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub tank no. Lub tank ntim yog 20 m³, nrog lub sijhawm tuav hydraulic ntawm 0.13 h.
Lub twj tso kua mis ncig tau nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tank txias, siv ib zaug -theem twj tso kua mis rau lub zog efficiency. Raws li cov cw ecology thiab load, tus nqi recirculation tau tsim ntawm 2-6 zaug / hnub. Pump flow rate yog 150 m³ / h, lub taub hau 10 m, lub zog 5.5 kW.
Cov txhuam txhuam tau nruab nrog ntau lub hnab lim. Cov hnab ntim tau txuas los ntawm cov yeeb nkab fittings rau lub lim inlet, ruaj nrog clamps. Cov kua dej nkag mus rau hauv lub hnab los ntawm cov kav dej. Cov hnab ntim tau ua los ntawm Polypropylene (PP), ntim nrog cov yas txhuam xov xwm, cuam tshuam cov khoom loj dua 0.125 hli. Elastic media tank muaj lub cev lub cev (lub cev, qhov tob 2 m), kab sib chaws thav duab (sib npaug rau saum npoo), thiab cov xov xwm elastic ntsia rau ntawm tus ncej (Daim duab 3). Cov xov xwm muaj ntau ob - nplhaib yas rings nrog polyester filaments, tsim fiber ntau bundles faib thoob plaws hauv lub tank. Nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm koom nrog tsim kom muaj kev qeeb qeeb - ntws cov nyhuv sedimentation los ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev cuam tshuam thiab siv cov biofilm tsim los ntawm nws qhov chaw kom nqus, decompose, thiab hloov cov inorganic nitrogen thiab phosphorus.
Lub biofilter suav nrog lub tank lub cev (lub duab plaub, qhov tob 2 m), aeration Cheebtsam, thiab bio-media (Daim duab 4). Kev sib dhos aeration suav nrog cov kav dej xa tawm. Huab cua nkag los ntawm sab saum toj thiab raug tso tawm hauv qab, tsim kom muaj cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke. Lub tank tau ntim nrog Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) media. Los ntawm lub hom phiaj nitrifier li thiab alkalinity hloov, ntau cov kab mob nitrifying txuas rau hauv xov xwm, siv cov organic teeb meem thiab ua kom tiav ammonia thiab nitrite tshem tawm, yog li tsim ib nitrifying biofilter. Inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob cov kav dej yog nyob rau sab nraud, nrog rau lub qhov hluav taws xob ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv. Hauv qhov kev sim no, biofilter zoo ntim tau teeb tsa ntawm 25% ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntim, nrog rau kev tshaj tawm xov xwm ntawm 30%, siv K5 media.
System aeration ua ke txhua yam thiab ntshiab oxygen txoj kev. Thaum Dissolved Oxygen (DO) siab, cov tshuab aeration yog qhov tseem ceeb: siv lub siab -siab vortex blower thiab siab- zoo microporous hlab li diffusers kom ua kom O₂ hloov pauv tau zoo thiab txo cov suab nrov. Thaum DO qis qis, cov pa ntshiab oxygen aeration ntxiv: siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob oxygen + micro- npuas dej. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob oxygen tso tawm O₂ concentration siab dua 90%, tawg ntawm nano-ceramic disk hauv lub kiv cua. Nyob rau hauv lub siab load, lub tshuab hluav taws xob oxygen + oxygen cone ua ke ua haujlwm pab aeration, siv lub twj tso kua mis los tsim cov pa oxygen{11}}supersaturated dej hauv lub khob hliav qab.
1.4 Kev ntsuas dej zoo
Ammonia thiab nitrite (raws li N) concentrations tau ntsuas siv Aokedan multi- ntsuas dej ntsuas ntsuas. Tag nrho Suspended Solids (TSS) tau ntsuas los ntawm Hach DR 900 multi-parameter analyzer.
1.5 Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm
Kev sim pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 8, 2022, kav 74 hnub. Tag nrho rau lub tank tau khaws cia. Qhov loj me me yog 961 tus neeg / kg, qhov ceev kwv yees li 403 tus neeg / m³, tag nrho 241,800 tus ncej-larvae. Kev pub noj ntau zaus yog 6 zaug / hnub, nrog rau kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub poob ntawm li 7.0% (thaum ntxov) mus rau 2.5% (lig) ntawm kwv yees biomass.
Cov kab ke kev lag luam pib 3 hnub tom qab- tso khoom, pib ntawm 2 cycles / hnub, nce mus rau 4 cycles / hnub tom qab. Thaum ntxov ntawm kev sim, cov dej ntws txhua hnub tau tshwm sim, tsuas yog rov qab cov dej poob rau cov dej ntws thiab evaporation. Tom qab ntawd, kev tso dej ua raws li txhua qhov kev pub mis (1 teev tom qab), nrog kev sib pauv dej txhua hnub hauv qab 10% ntawm qhov pib ntawm - theem ntxiv ntim.
Mechanical aeration (vortex blower) tau siv thawj zaug. Vim tias muaj zog ntxiv tom qab, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuab aeration, oxygen generator + nano-ceramic disk, thiab oxygen generator + oxygen cone tau siv.
DO, ntsuas kub, pH, ammonia, thiab nitrite hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau ntsuas tsis tu ncua. Cw loj hlob thiab pub mis tau pom thiab sau tseg.
1.6 Kev ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj xyuas
Cov ntaub ntawv tau teeb tsa siv WPS Office Excel. Cov duab tau tsim siv Keeb Kwm 2021.
Cov qauv hauv qab no tau siv los suav cov nqi pauv dej (R), pub hloov pauv hloov pauv (FCR), thiab tus nqi ciaj sia (RS):
R = 100% × V₁ / (V × t) ... (1)
FCR = W / (Wₜ − W₀) ... (2)
RS = 100% × S / N ... (3)
Qhov twg: R yog tus nqi pauv dej txhua hnub (% / d); V₁ yog tag nrho cov sib pauv dej ntim (m³); V yog tag nrho qhov system dej ntim (m³); t yog hnub kab lis kev cai (d). FCRyog feed conversion ratio; W yog tag nrho cov khoom noj (kg); Wₜ thiab W₀ yog qhov kawg ntawm kev sau qoob loo thiab thawj qhov khoom loj (kg). RSyog cov ciaj sia taus (%); S yog tag nrho tus lej sau (cov tib neeg); N yog tag nrho tus lej stocked (tus neeg).
2. Cov txiaj ntsig
2.1 Kev hloov pauv dej
Thaum lub sij hawm sim, tag nrho cov dej pauv yog 1,000 m³, nrog qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub pauv tus nqi ntawm 1.8%.
2.2 Ammonia thiab Nitrite
Ammonia concentration nyob rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam tseem qis dua 1.3 mg / L (tshwj tsis yog hnub 5), thiab nitrite concentration tseem qis dua 1.6 mg / L, ob qho tib si ntawm cov qib ruaj khov (Daim duab 5).
Thaum ntxov (thawj 15 hnub), tank ammonia poob sai sai thaum nitrite nce sai, qhia txog biofilm tsim hauv biofilter thiab hloov pauv ntawm ammonia rau nitrite. Hauv nruab nrab-theem (15-50 hnub), nrog rau kev pub mis ntxiv, ammonia thiab nitrite concentrations tseem nyob ruaj khov, qhia tias synchronized ammonia thiab nitrite oxidation hauv biofilter thiab ruaj khov ua haujlwm. Tom qab hnub 50, ob qho tib si ammonia thiab nitrite pom qhov kev poob qis, tejzaum nws qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm nitrification thiab lub cev muaj zog dua. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem lees paub ntxiv thaum qhov kev sim no tau xaus.
Daim duab 6qhia tau hais tias ammonia tiam sis nyob rau hauv biofilter inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob zoo sib xws, tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm cov curves maj mam widened, qhia txog kev txhim kho ammonia tshem tawm. Nitrite curves rau inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob ze li ntawm overlapped thiab tsis qhia ib tug zuag qhia tag nrho kev nce, hais tias lub kaw lus tuav tswj nitrite oxidation muaj peev xwm mus txog rau thaum xaus.
2.3 Dissolved Oxygen thiab Tag Nrho Alkalinity
Raws li qhia hauvDaim duab 7, txawm tias nce qhov system load, kev sib xyaw aeration txoj kev khaws cia tank DO saum toj no 6 mg / L. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev ntxiv NaHCO₃, tag nrho alkalinity tau khaws cia ntawm 175-260 mg / L.
2.4 Tag nrho Suspended Solids
Cov kev xav hauv TSS concentration ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau qhia hauvDaim duab 8. TSS nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws mus rau ntsug ntws sediment collector thiab siphon sab lub thawv (ib feem ntawm peb-txoj kev ntws) cuam tshuam TSS tiam sis nyob rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam. Zuag qhia tag nrho TSS tau maj mam nce, ruaj khov thaum nruab nrab- theem lig (tom qab hnub 35), thiab pom qhov txo qis los ntawm cov theem kev kho mob.
2.5 Kev ua liaj ua teb
Tag nrho cov stocking yog 241,800 post-larvae ntawm qhov nruab nrab loj ntawm 0.52 g, hla 6 tanks ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntom ntawm 403 tus neeg/m³. Tom qab 74 hnub, tag nrho cov qoob loo yog 3,012.2 kg, nruab nrab loj 15.82 g, nruab nrab ciaj sia taus 78.75%, nruab nrab yield 5.02 kg / m³. Tag nrho cov khoom noj yog 3,386.51 kg, FCR1.18. Cov nqi suav (noob, pub, khoom noj khoom haus, hluav taws xob, khoom siv seawater, tshuaj tua kab mob) tag nrho 155,870.6 CNY. Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev muag cw yog 192,780.8 CNY, ua rau cov nyiaj tau los ntawm 36,910.2 CNY rau lub voj voog.
3. Kev sib tham
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, RAS tau dhau los ua ib qho kev cog lus zoo rau kev ua liaj ua teb L. vannamei. Qhov kev sim no tau tsim RAS suav nrog cov kab lis kev cai tso tsheb hlau luam, cov khoom sib xyaw plhaub / cov khoom sib xyaw, txhuam cov lim dej, biofilter, thiab cov khoom siv aeration, thiab ua tiav ib lub voj voog ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb sab hauv tsev.
Piv nrog rau ib txwm RAS, qhov system no yooj yim dua. Structurely, nws tshem tawm cov cuab yeej xws li lub nruas lim thiab cov protein skimmers, uas muaj cov nqi kho thiab kho ntau dua. Hloov chaw, nws siv cov cuab yeej kho dej yooj yim dua los ua kom muaj ntau yam - qib kev sib xyaw ua ke rau cov khoom thiab cov kuab paug yaj, ua tiav cov dej zoo tswj nrog cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis dua.
Los ntawm kev siv ntau yam kev tswj xyuas dej kom haum rau ntau theem kev loj hlob thiab kev thauj khoom, lub kaw lus khaws cov ammonia thiab nitrite hauv qab 1.3 thiab 1.6 mg / L, raws li, thiab DO saum toj no 6 mg / L, thaum kawg ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 5.02 kg / m³. Qhov no yog ze rau qhov tshwm sim los ntawm Yang Jing li al. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev kho dej tau tswj qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub pauv tus nqi mus rau 1.8%, tag nrho siv nws lub peev xwm kho thiab txo cov nqi.
RAS muab cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom, thiab tsawg dua cov kab mob. Vim muaj kev txwv kev thauj mus los, L. vannamei tuav txoj kev lag luam zoo hauv av. Kev ua RAS rau L. vannamei hauv av ua raws li kev lag luam tiam sis. Tam sim no inland cw ua liaj ua teb feem ntau yog cov dej tsis qab, nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev lag luam zoo tom qab kev ua liaj ua teb marine. Kev siv cov dej hiav txwv dag hauv qhov kev sim no ib nrab hais txog qhov sib txawv no. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no tus nqi siab ntawm cov dej hiav txwv tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom zoo RAS cov txheej txheem rau kev tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus kom ua kom cov dej rov qab siv tau, uas yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txo cov nqi thiab yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb tshawb fawb tsom rau sab hauv L. vannamei RAS.
FCRyog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia rau RAS kev ua tau zoo. Qhov kawg FCRntawm 1.18 hauv qhov kev sim no yog piv rau kev ua liaj ua teb hnyav. Raws li lub kaw lus kaw, RAS qhov zoo dua yog nyob rau hauv kev siv rov qab siv dua. Raws li kev txhim kho lub peev xwm kho dej, tsim cov tswv yim pub mis kom txo qis FCRyuav tsum yog lub optimization tsom tom ntej.