Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) hauv Kev Txhim Kho Aquaculture Efficiency
Lub *National Fishery Development Plan for the 14th Tsib-Year Plan Period* qhia meej meej rau kev tsim cov ntses ntse, txhawb kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv aquaculture, thiab txhim kho kev yug me nyuam thiab kev siv peev txheej. Cov qauv kev ua luam dej hauv pas dej ib txwm ntsib teeb meem xws li kev siv dej siab, kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv av, thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim kho aquaculture niaj hnub. Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), raws li tus qauv kev ua liaj ua teb tshiab, siv cov kev kho dej thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis kom ua tiav siab - kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej hauv qhov chaw kaw, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.
1. Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
1.1 Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem
Aquaculture System Recirculating Aquaculture (RAS) yog ib qho qauv siv thoob dej yug ntses niaj hnub no uas ua tiav siab - kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej hauv ib puag ncig uas raug kaw los ntawm kev kho dej thiab siv thev naus laus zis. RAS feem ntau muaj peb qhov kev ua haujlwm: chav kab lis kev cai, chav kho dej, thiab chav saib xyuas thiab tswj dej zoo.
1.2 Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
The operation of RAS is based on the principle of water purification and recycling. During the culture process, pollutants such as suspended solids and ammonia nitrogen produced by metabolism are first removed via mechanical filtration for particulate matter. The water then enters a biofilter where nitrifying bacteria convert toxic ammonia nitrogen into nitrite, which is further oxidized to nitrate. A protein skimmer removes dissolved organic matter through bubble adsorption, and a UV device eliminates pathogenic microorganisms. The multi-stage treated water is re-oxygenated, temperature-adjusted, and recirculated back into the culture tanks. During system operation, online monitoring equipment continuously tracks key parameters like pH (6.5–8.0), dissolved oxygen (>5 mg / L), thiab ammonia nitrogen (<0.5 mg/L), which are regulated via automated control devices to maintain the optimal culture environment
2. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Tau Zoo hauv RAS
2.1 Kev Tswj Ib puag ncig dej muaj peev xwm
Cov dej ib puag ncig tswj kev muaj peev xwm ntawm RAS feem ntau yog tshwm sim hauv cov kev cai ntawm cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov lus teb sai rau cov kev ntxhov siab ib puag ncig. Txoj kev tshawb no, ua nyob rau ntawm qhov loj - teev RAS puag nrog peb qhov kev sim sib luag (txhua 50 m³ ntim, ntim ntim 25 kg / m³), tau saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua rau 180 hnub, muab cov txiaj ntsig hauvTable 1.
Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias RAS ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb hauv kev tswj cov pa oxygen. Txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm ncov oxygen noj thaum hmo ntuj, cov qib zoo yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov zaus tsav (VFD) twj thiab microporous aeration. pH kev tswj hwm, siv kev soj ntsuam online ua ke nrog kev siv tshuaj alkali tsis siv neeg, pom kev ruaj ntseg zoo hauv kev soj ntsuam tas li. Rau kev tshem tawm ammonia nitrogen, cov nitrification efficiency ntawm biofilter nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem yog zoo dua piv rau cov pa txoj kev.
Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias, ua tiav siv titanium raj kub exchangers nrog PID tswj algorithms, khaws cov dej kub kom ruaj khov txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Los ntawm 180 hnub ntawm kev ua haujlwm tas mus li, kev ua raws li tus nqi thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas dej zoo hauv lub cev tau zoo dua qub piv rau cov qauv kab lis kev cai, ua kom pom tseeb cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab daim ntawv thov tus nqi ntawm RAS hauv kev tswj dej ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev ua raws cai rau cov ntsuas dej tseem ceeb tau mus txog 98.5%, nrog rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb xws li cov pa oxygen, pH, thiab ammonia nitrogen yog 47% siab dua li hauv kab lis kev cai.
2.2 Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Kev Ua Txhaum Cai
Txoj kev tshawb no tau xaiv cov ntses dej qab zib nyom carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) ua cov ntsiab lus los sib piv kev loj hlob kev sib txawv ntawm RAS thiab cov kab lis kev cai hauv pas dej. Cov pab pawg sim muaj peb 50 m³ RAS units, thaum pawg tswj hwm siv peb 500 m² tus qauv kab lis kev cai pas dej, ob qho tib si dhau 180-hnub voj voog (cov ntaub ntawv qhia hauvRooj 2).
Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig zoo thiab kev tswj hwm kev noj zaub mov hauv RAS tau txhim kho kev loj hlob ntawm cov nyom carp. Qhov ntsuas kub tsis tu ncua thiab dej zoo ruaj khov txhawb kev noj zaub mov thiab txhim kho kev noj zaub mov kom zoo.
2.3 Cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tau zoo
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm RAS feem ntau yog ntsuas los ntawm Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Siv Hluav Taws Xob (IEC), suav nrog hauv qab no:
IEC=(P × T × η) / (V × Y)
Qhov twg:
IEC=Kev Ntsuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob (kW·h/kg)
P=Tag nrho cov teeb tsa lub zog (kW)
T=Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm (h)
η=Cov khoom siv thauj khoom
V=Volume of culture water (m³)
Y=Tawm los rau ib chav dej ntim (kg/m³)
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm tau pom cov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qab no rau cov khoom siv RAS loj: cov twj tso kua mis kev ua haujlwm tau nce mus txog 85%, kev txhim kho 18% ntawm cov twj tso kua mis ib txwm muaj; biofilter lub ammonia nitrogen kho load yog 0.8 kg / m³·d, nce 40% piv rau cov pa biofilters; thiab chav tsev tshuaj tua kab mob UV tswj tau qhov ua kom tsis muaj menyuam siab tshaj 99.9%.
Cov cuab yeej siv ua haujlwm ntse tswj kev sib txuas, hloov kho lub zog ua haujlwm thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm raws li cov dej tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej tswj qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem khiav ntawm qhov txo qis (piv txwv li, 30%) thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas kub ruaj khov, thiab lub tshuab aeration tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv lub zog-txuag hom zaus hloov pauv thaum siv cov pa oxygen tsawg thaum hmo ntuj. Los ntawm kev tswj cov cuab yeej ntse no, qhov nruab nrab ntawm Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Siv Hluav Taws Xob yog 2.1 kW·h / kg, 45% qis dua cov qauv kab lis kev cai.
3. Quantification of Comprehensive Benefits of RAS
3.1 Quantitative Production Benefit Indicators
Txoj kev tshawb no tau tsim kom muaj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntau rau RAS cov txiaj ntsig kev tsim khoom, suav nrog peb qhov loj: cov txiaj ntsig tso tawm, cov txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab cov txiaj ntsig lub sijhawm. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kaum loj - nplai RAS hauv paus, lub kaw lus cov txiaj ntsig kev tsim khoom tau nce mus txog 0.85, 56% kev txhim kho dua li cov qauv kab lis kev cai.
Kev ntsuam xyuas cov txiaj ntsig tau txais txiaj ntsig kuj tseem suav nrog tus nqi - ntxiv los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom zoo. Cov khoom lag luam hauv dej los ntawm RAS tau pom tias muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsuas kev hnov lus zoo li cov nqaij tawv nqaij thiab cov roj intramuscular piv rau cov kab lis kev cai ib txwm muaj, ua tiav kev lag luam tus nqi ntawm 15% -20%. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo, kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig hauv lub cev ua rau cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm tom qab ntawm kab lis kev cai, cov khoom loj sib xws tau mus txog ntau dua 92%, ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua cov txheej txheem thiab loj- nplai muag.
3.2 Kev soj ntsuam kev siv nyiaj txiag
Txoj Kev Ntsuas Lub Neej (LCA) yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov peev txheej siv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Cov ntsuas ntsuas tseem ceeb suav nrog kev siv dej tshiab, kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev noj zaub mov (cov ntaub ntawv qhia hauvTable 3).
Kev txheeb xyuas kev siv cov peev txheej tau pom tau tias qhov system ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev txuag cov peev txheej los ntawm kev kho dej thiab siv thev naus laus zis, nrog rau kev txuag nyiaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv dej thiab av. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ib puag ncig tau qhia tias lub kaw lus cov pa roj carbon emission siv tau yog 52% qis dua li kab lis kev cai.
Lub kaw lus qhov zoo hauv kev txuag cov peev txheej kuj pom tseeb hauv kev txhim kho kev siv cov khoom noj. Siv cov tshuab pub mis ntse ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv saib xyuas dej kom zoo, ua kom muaj kev noj haus kom muaj nuj nqis, txo cov khoom noj kom tsawg. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv RAS txhim kho los ntawm 25% -30% piv rau kab lis kev cai ib txwm muaj. Hais txog kev siv tib neeg cov peev txheej, los ntawm kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob thiab kev saib xyuas ntse, cov sij hawm ua haujlwm ib tuj ntawm cov khoom txo qis los ntawm 0.48 h hauv cov kab lis kev cai ib txwm muaj rau 0.15 h, txo cov neeg ua haujlwm tawm tswv yim zoo thaum tseem txhim kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
3.3 Economic Feasibility Analysis
Kev lag luam muaj peev xwm raug soj ntsuam siv Net Tam Sim No Tus Nqi (NPV) thiab cov txheej txheem Them Rov Qab. Kev nqis peev pib muaj xws li kev tsim vaj tsev engineering, kev yuav khoom, kev teeb tsa, thiab commissioning. Cov nqi khiav lag luam suav nrog lub zog, kev ua haujlwm, pub, thiab tu. Cov peev nyiaj tau los suav nrog kev muag khoom hauv dej thiab cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txuag dej.
EC= Σ [ (Ct - Ot) / (1 + r)^t] - I0
Qhov twg:
NPV=Net Present Value (10,000 CNY)
I0=Kev nqis peev pib (10,000 CNY)
Ct=Cov nyiaj tau los hauv xyoo t (10,000 CNY / xyoo)
Ot=Cov nyiaj tso tawm hauv xyoo t (10,000 CNY / xyoo)
r=Tus nqi txo (%)
t=Lub sij hawm xam (xyoo)
Muab xam rau kev tsim khoom txhua xyoo ntawm 500 tons, lub kaw lus yuav tsum muaj peev txheej pib ntawm 8.5 lab CNY, tus nqi ua haujlwm txhua xyoo ntawm 4.2 lab CNY, thiab cov nyiaj tau los muag txhua xyoo ntawm 7.5 lab CNY. Siv tus nqi luv nqi ntawm 8%, lub sij hawm them rov qab yog 3.2 xyoo, thiab Nyiaj Txiag Internal Rate of Return (IRR) yog 28.5%. Kev soj ntsuam rhiab heev qhia tau hais tias qhov project tswj kev pheej hmoo zoo txawm tias cov khoom lag luam hloov pauv ntawm ± 20%.
4. Cov lus xaus
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) ua tau zoo tshaj cov qauv kab lis kev cai raws li kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig dej, kev loj hlob lom neeg, thiab cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tau zoo. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev txawj ntse, txhim kho cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm kom zoo, thiab tshawb nrhiav cov qauv rau kev txhawb nqa loj - txhawm rau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rov ua dej thoob dej yug ntses.