Cov pa nitrification-denitrification siv ntau lub zog - blowers khiav 24/7 los muab cov pa oxygen rau ammonia oxidation, ntxiv rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide (methanol, acetate) rau roj denitrification. Ua ke, ob kauj ruam no tuaj yeem suav rau60-70% ntawm cov chaw kho mob tag nrho cov peev nyiaj siv hluav taws xob. Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) cog lus tias yuav rhuav tshem cov qauv no: nws oxidizes ammonia ncaj qha rau cov roj nitrogen siv nitrite raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txais - tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg, cov pa oxygen tsawg, tsis muaj cov sludge. Tab sis qhov chaw sim no ze npaum li cas - pov thawj luv luv rau kev lag luam kev muaj tiag rau kev kho mob theem nrab? Txoj kev tshawb no pilot muab cov lej rau ntawm lub rooj.
Vim li cas Anammox Matters rau Kev Kho Mob Thib Ob
Kev tshem tawm nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov pa activated sludge ua raws li qhov zoo - nkag siab, lub zog - txoj hauv kev hnyav. Ua ntej, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) convert NH4+rau NO2-; ces nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) convert NO2-rau NO3-. Hauv thaj tsam anoxic tom ntej, heterotrophic denitrifiers txo NO3-rov qab mus rau N2gas - tab sis tsuas yog tias lawv muaj cov khoom txaus ntawm biodegradable organic carbon, uas feem ntau depleted tom qab dej ntws tawm BOD. Qhov tshwm sim: cov nroj tsuag raug yuam kom yuav thiab siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide sab nraud, ntxiv cov nqi khiav lag luam tseem ceeb thiab cov pa roj carbon hneev taw.
Anammox rov sau cov kab zauv no tag nrho. Cov kab mob anammox - feem ntauTus neeg mob BrocadiathiabCandidatus Kuenenia- ua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv: NH4++ TSIS TAU2- → N2 + 2H2O. Sib piv qhov no rau cov pa denitrification, thiab qhov zoo sib xws tau ceev ceev:
| Qhov xwm txheej | Pa Nitrification -Denitrification | Ib nrab Nitrition-Anammox | Tau txais txiaj ntsig |
| Oxygen Demand | 4,57kg :ua2/kg Nr | 1,72kg 02/kg Nr | ~ 60% txo |
| Organic Carbon yuav tsum tau | 2.86 kg COD/kg N | 0 kg COD/kg N | 100% tshem tawm |
| Sludge Production | 0.3-0.5 kg VSS / kg N | 0.05-0.1 kg VSS/kg N | ~ 80% txo |
| Aeration Zog | 1.0-1.5 kWh/kg N | 0.3-0.5 kWh/kg Nr | ~ 65% txo |
Pilot Study: Teeb tsa thiab mus kom ze
Tus kws tsav dav hlau- nplai sequencing batch reactor (SBR) tau ua haujlwm los ntsuas cov tshuaj anmmox-raws li nitrogen tshem tawm raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev kho mob theem nrab - tshwj xeeb, qis ammonia concentrations (40–80 mg N/L) thiab nruab nrab kub (20–25 degree) {7} piv rau cov kev siv kwj siab 500–1,500 mg N/L ntawm 30–35 degree) qhov twg anammox twb tau coj mus muag.
Lub tswv yim ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm ib nrab nitritation raws li cov kauj ruam saum toj no: ib feem ntawm cov ammonia muaj zog tau oxidized rau nitrite (targeting NO.2-/NH4+Piv txwv li ntawm kwv yees li 1.0-1.3), tom qab ntawd cov kwj sib xyaw nkag mus rau hauv lub reactor anmmox rau autotrophic nitrogen tshem tawm. Cov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tau saib xyuas suav nrog nitrogen loading tus nqi, DO concentration nyob rau hauv ib nrab nitritation theem, kub stability, thiab NO.2-/NH4+ratio nkag mus rau theem anmmox.
Kev ua tau zoo
Tom qab 90-hnub txhim kho thiab ruaj khov lub sijhawm, lub tshuab anammox tau ua tiav cov haujlwm hauv qab no tsis tu ncua:
| Performance Metric | Qhov tshwm sim (Steady State) | Saib |
| Tag nrho Nitrogen Tshem Tawm Tus Nqi | 0.5-0.8 kg N/m³·d | Piv rau sidestream anmmox ntawm qis temps |
| TN tshem tawm Efficiency | 75–85% | Residual nitrate los ntawm NOB kev ua ub no txwv sab sauv |
| NH4+-N dej | 3-8 mg/l | Sensitive rau NO2-/NH4+qhov ratio imbalance |
| TSIS MUAJ2--N dej | Tsawg dua 2 mg / L (feem ntau) | Nyob ze - ua kom tiav nitrite noj los ntawm anmmox |
| Sludge Yield | 0.07 kg VSS / kg N tshem tawm | Kwv yees li 80% qis dua li cov pa |
Lub kaw lus tau pom tias muaj kev tshem tawm cov nitrogen ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntim ntim ntawm 0.5-0.8 kg N / m³·d - kev sib tw nrog sidestream anammox kev teeb tsa txawm tias qhov ntsuas kub qis dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tswj xyuas qhov tseeb NO2-/NH4+piv tau ua pov thawj tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tswj kev ntsuas. Kev sib txawv sab nraud ntawm 1.0-1.3 ntau yam ua rau kev ua haujlwm sai sai: ntau tshaj nitrite inhibited anmmox kev ua, thaum tsis txaus nitrite tshuav ammonia tsis tshem tawm.
Kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb
1. Kub rhiab heev
Cov kab mob Anammox pom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm 30-37 degree, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm poob qis los ntawm kwv yees li10-15% rau txhua txhua 5℃txohauv qab 30 degree. Nyob rau hauv no mainstream -kev kawm kub (20-25 degree), tus nqi tshem tawm nitrogen yog kwv yees li 40-55% ntawm tib biomass yuav ua tau ntawm 35℃. Rau cov nroj tsuag kev kho mob nyob rau hauv huab cua kub los yog txias, lub txim kub no yuav tsum tau muab xam rau hauv reactor sizing - ib tug mainstream anammox reactor ua hauj lwm ntawm 15℃tej zaum yuav xav tau.2-3 npaug ntawm qhov ntimntawm ib chav tsev sidestream kho tib yam nitrogen load ntawm 35℃.
2. Nitrite Inhibition Threshold
Thaum cov kab mob anammox siv nitrite ua lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov nitrite ntau dhau yog tshuaj lom. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom qhov tseeb inhibition pib: nitrite concentrations saum toj no50-70 mg N/Lua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm anammox, thiab qhov siab tshaj 100 mg N / L coj mus rau ze - ua tiav inhibition yuav tsum tau 48-72 teev rau kev rov qab los thaum txo cov nitrite. Tiag - lub sij hawm tshuaj xyuas nitrite thiab kev tawm tswv yim ceev ceev yog li qhov tseem ceeb - timer -raws li los yog phau ntawv tswj schemes yuav inevitably drift mus rau inhibition.
3. NOB Txhaum
Lub xub ntiag ntawm nitrite- cov kab mob oxidizing (NOB) nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm nitritation theem yog yeeb ncuab ntawm kev ua tau zoo anmmox. NOB sib tw nrog cov kab mob anammox rau nitrite, oxidizing nws rau nitrate - uas anmmox siv tsis tau - thiab txo tag nrho cov nitrogen tshem tawm efficiency. Cov tswv yim rau NOB kev txwv kev sim hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no suav nrog: tswj qis DO concentrations (0.3-0.8 mg / L hauv nitritation reactor) kom haum AOB tshaj NOB, ua haujlwm ntawm siab dawb ammonia concentrations uas xaiv inhibit NOB, thiab sib cuam tshuam aeration cycles uas siv cov kev sib txawv rov qab kinetics tom qab AOBic thiab NOBs.
4. Biomass Retention thiab Enrichment
Cov kab mob Anammox yog qeeb- loj hlob, nrog rau lub sijhawm ua ob zaug ntawm 7-14 hnub txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo. Qhov no ua rau biomass khaws cia tseem ceeb heev. Txoj kev tshawb no siv granular sludge raws li biomass carrier, ua tau zoo tshaj plaws kev tshaj tawm (tshaj 30 m / h) uas ua tau zoo decoupled hydraulic tuav lub sij hawm los ntawm cov khib nyiab tuav lub sij hawm. Rau biofilm-raws li txoj hauv kev (MBBR lossis IFAS cov neeg nqa khoom), thaj chaw tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv muab lwm txoj hauv kev khaws cia uas yuav muaj zog dua tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab.
Txoj kev coj mus rau Mainstream Anammox
Thaum sidestream anammox yog ib tug paub tab, bankable technology nrog pua pua ntawm tag nrho -scale installations thoob ntiaj teb, mainstream anmmox rau kev kho mob theem nrab tseem yog ib tug tshiab teb nrog cov kev cov nyom tshwj xeeb: qis kub txo kinetic tus nqi, qis ammonia concentrations ua tus txheej txheem tswj ntau rhiab heev, thiab muaj cov organic carbon nyob rau hauv mainstream dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem txhawb heterotrophic denitrification.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob ze - lub sij hawm mus kom ze yog ib tug hybrid configuration: ib feem ntawm nitritation -anammox rau sidestream nitrogen tshem tawm (qhov twg cov cuab yeej muaj pov thawj), ua ke nrog cov pa nitrification -denitrification rau mainstream kev kho mob. Qhov kev teeb tsa no ntes cov kev txuag hluav taws xob uas lawv tau pom tau yooj yim tshaj plaws - ntawm qhov siab -lub zog, sov sab dej - thaum tuav tswj kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub ntsiab. Raws li cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis anmmox loj hlob tuaj thiab qhov kub / tswj kev sib tw tau kov yeej, thaj tsam hybrid tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ntau dua anmmox.
Txoj kev tshawb no tau lees paub tias anammox-raws li kev tshem tawm nitrogen muaj txoj hauv kev mus rau lub zog-kev kho cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg, nrog rau tag nrho cov nitrogen tshem tawm ntawm 0.5-0.8 kg N / m³·d ua tiav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev vam meej muaj xws li kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm NO2-/NH4+piv los ntawm qhov tseeb- lub sijhawm saib xyuas, muaj txiaj ntsig NOB kev tawm tsam nyob rau theem nitritation, thiab ruaj khov biomass khaws cia kom them nyiaj rau kev loj hlob qeeb ntawm anammox. Thaum kev xa tawm tseem ceeb tseem yog qhov kev tshawb fawb pem hauv ntej, kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig kev txhawb siab - 60% tsawg dua oxygen, xoom cov pa roj carbon monoxide, 80% tsawg sludge - ua rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nqis peev hauv dej.
Tshawb nrhiav Advanced Biofilm Carrier Solutions rau Nitrogen Tshem Tawm
Juntai Plastic manufactures siab- tshwj xeeb-sov- cheeb tsam MBBR thiab IFAS cov neeg nqa khoom tsim kom qeeb- loj hlob autotrophic biomass tuav - suav nrog cov tshuaj anmmox thiab nitrifying biofilms. Peb cov neeg nqa khoom HDPE nrog 620-800 m² / m³ tiv thaiv thaj chaw muab qhov ntev SRT ruaj khov uas tshwm sim luv luv nitrogen tshem tawm cov txheej txheem thov.