Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Bio-Pob hauv Kev Kho Cov Dej Num
Taw qhia
Kev kho dej khib nyiab yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub no, tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv, khaws cia cov peev txheej dej, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho mob dav dav siv niaj hnub no, bio- pob tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho kev tshaj tawm lom neeg muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj ntau yam. Bio-pob yog yas lossis polymeric spheres tsim nrog thaj chaw siab thiab cov txheej txheem sab hauv uas txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov zej zog microbial (biofilm) ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Cov microbes metabolize organic pollutants thiab cov as-ham hauv cov dej khib nyiab, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Kab lus no tshawb txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm bio- pob hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab, suav nrog cov txheej txheem uas lawv txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem lom neeg, lawv qhov zoo dua piv rau lwm cov xov xwm, kev xav txog kev tsim qauv, kev txwv, thiab cov lus qhia kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej.
Biofilm Tsim los ntawm Bio-Pob
Hauv plawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm bio- pob yog lawv lub peev xwm los txhawb nqabiofilm tsim. Biofilm hais txog cov zej zog ntawm cov kab mob uas ua raws li qhov chaw thiab loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho extracellular matrix. Thaum cov dej khib nyiab ntws los ntawm cov khoom siv bio hauv lub reactor lossis lub txaj lim, cov kab mob thiab lwm yam microbes nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov microbes multiply, tsim ib tug ruaj khov biofilm txheej muaj peev xwm degrading cov pa phem. Qhov kev ntxhib los mos, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw, thiab cov kab noj hniav sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub no- pob tsim ua kom yooj yim colonization sai thiab muaj zog biofilm kev loj hlob (Tchobanoglous li al., 2014).
Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau ncua kev loj hlob systems, qhov twg microbes ntab dawb do nyob rau hauv dej (raws li nyob rau hauv cov pa activated sludge), bio- npas pabtxuas kev loj hlob. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias biomass loj dua tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv qhov ntim me me, uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb hauv qhov chaw - cov chaw txwv. Lub biofilm matrix kuj tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm hydraulic shocks thiab tshuaj lom neeg hloov pauv, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov (Jenkins, 2009).
Organic Pollutant Tshem Tawm
Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm bio- pob hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab yog qhovtshem tawm cov organic pollutants. Organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab yog feem ntau qhia raws li biochemical oxygen xav tau (BOD) los yog tshuaj lom neeg oxygen xav tau (COD). Raws li cov dej khib nyiab dhau los ntawm kev tshaj tawm nrog biofilm, cov kab mob heterotrophic metabolize cov organic tebchaw, siv lawv ua cov pa roj carbon thiab lub zog. Qhov kev ua haujlwm biochemical no txo qis BOD thiab COD qib, zoo polishing cov effluent.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov xov xwm xws li bio- pob tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev txo qis hauv cov khoom organic thaum kho kom zoo nyob rau hauv lub txaj reactors, txav txaj biofilm reactors (MBBRs), los yog cov ntxaij lim dej trickling (Ødegaard, 2006). Bio balls 'loj muaj nyob saum npoo av txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab cov neeg nyob hauv microbial, ua rau kom muaj kev degradation zoo ib yam txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv.
Nutrient Tshem Tawm Mechanisms
Tshaj li kev tshem tawm cov organic, bio- pob koom nrogkev caij tsheb kauj vab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nitrogen transformation. Nitrogen hauv dej khib nyiab feem ntau muaj nyob hauv ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrite (NO₂⁻), thiab nitrate (NO₃⁻). Kev tshem tawm nitrogen zoo feem ntau xav tau ob qho tib sinitrificationthiabdenitrificationtxheej txheem. Hauv thaj chaw aerobic, cov kab mob nitrifying hloov ammonium rau nitrate ntawm nitrite. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam anoxic, denitrifiers txo nitrate rau nitrogen gas, uas khiav tsis muaj teeb meem rau huab cua.
Bio-cov pob no txhawb nqa cov kev tshwm sim txuas ntxiv los ntawm lawv qhov spatial gradients hauv oxygen concentration. Cov txheej txheej txheej biofilm, raug oxygen los ntawm cov kua ntau, nyiamaerobic nitrification, thaum cov cheeb tsam sib sib zog nqus hauv biofilm yuav dhau los ua anoxic lossis anaerobic, tso cai rau denitrification tshwm sim. Qhov kev muaj peev xwm no ua rau bio- pob tshuab tsim nyog rau kev tshem tawm cov nitrogen uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau cais lub tank aerobic thiab anoxic (Roustan & Sablayrolles, 2002).
Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Piv nrog rau lwm yam kev pom thiab kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, bio- pob muaj ntau yamkev ua haujlwm zoo. Lawv lub teeb yuag thiab modular zoo tso cai yooj yim installation thiab txij nkawm. Txij li thaum bio- cov pob no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov yas ruaj khov, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, lawv muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev thiab tsis muaj degradation nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua haujlwm. Qhov no sib piv nrog qee qhov kev tshaj tawm ntuj (piv txwv li, gravel), uas tuaj yeem cog lus los yog txhaws thaum lub sijhawm.
Bio-cov pob tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv ntau hom reactor, suav nrog kev ruaj khov - txaj lim, fluidized txaj, thiabMoving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs). Hauv MBBRs, bio- cov pob tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv aeration, ua kom muaj kev sib cuag ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab biofilm thaum txo cov teeb meem txhaws. Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau cov chaw dej khib nyiab ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas -los ntawm cov nroj tsuag me me nyob deb nroog mus rau kev ua haujlwm hauv nroog loj- txhawm rau kho bio- pob tshuab rau cov hom phiaj txheej txheem (Basin, 2015).
Kev tsim thiab kev txiav txim siab
Kev ua tiav ntawm bio- pob tshuab yuav tsum tau ceev fajtsim kev txiav txim siab. Cov no suav nrog xaiv cov xov xwm tsim nyog thiab geometry, txiav txim siab qhov zoo tshaj plaws sau cov feem, thiab ua kom lub sijhawm hydraulic txaus (HRT). Qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm bio- pob cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si hydrodynamics thiab thaj chaw saum npoo. Cov xov xwm me me dhau lawm yuav ua rau lub taub hau poob ntau dhau, thaum tshaj tawm xov xwm loj tuaj yeem txo qhov chaw tshwj xeeb muaj rau microbial colonization.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias, pH, yaj cov pa oxygen, thiab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, vim tias cov no cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm biofilm. Kev tu ncua sij hawm thiab hloov pauv tej zaum yuav tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuab uas raug kev poob siab los yog cov khoom sib txuam. Kev ntsuas cov organic thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus kom ntseeg tau tias cov zej zog biofilm nyob twj ywm thiab noj qab nyob zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Cov kev sib tw thiab kev txwv
Txawm tias lawv muaj zog, bio- pob tshuab muajkev sib tw thiab kev txwv. Biofilm tuab tuaj yeem dhau los ua ntau dhau, ua rau muaj kev txwv loj hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm microbes ua rau tshaib plab ntawm substrates lossis oxygen. Qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem txo qhov kev kho mob tag nrho yog tias tsis tswj hwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, bio- pob tuaj yeem raug biofouling los ntawm cov kab mob filamentous, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm hydraulic lossis ua rau biomass sloughing.
Lwm qhov kev txwv tsis pub cuam tshuam txog kev tshem tawm qee yam kab mob uas yuav tsum tau muaj txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb microbial lossis cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg tshaj li lub peev xwm ntawm cov zej zog biofilm. Piv txwv li, qhov degradation ntawm recalcitrant industrial pollutants tej zaum yuav xav tau kev kho mob ntxiv.
Yav Tom Ntej Prospects thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Lus Qhia
Kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua mus rau bio- pob technologies tsom rau kev txhim kho biofilm kev ua tau zoo los ntawmKev hloov kho saum npoo av, hybrid media, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke. Kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv bio-cov pob nrog cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj uas txhawb nqa microbial consortia los yog inhibit clogging. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib txuas cov khoom siv bio nrog rau lwm cov thev naus laus zis kho mob, xws li membrane bioreactors lossis cov txheej txheem oxidation siab heev, tuaj yeem muab cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw rau cov dej khib nyiab nyuaj (Wang li al., 2020).
Kev txaus siab nyob rau hauvbioaugmentation-txoj kev taw qhia txog kev xaiv cov kab mob microbial- kuj qhia tau hais tias kev cog lus hauv kev ua kom zoo bio- pob kev ua tau zoo rau kev tshem tawm cov pa phem. Raws li kev tswj hwm cov kev cai rau cov dej ntws zoo ua kom nruj dua, kev tsim kho tshiab hauv biofilm media yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tau raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig.
Xaus
Bio-pob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab niaj hnub no los ntawm kev muab cov txheej txheem, qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm biofilm. Lawv txhim kho cov organic thiab cov as-ham tshem tawm thaum muab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm nyob thoob plaws kev kho mob sib txawv. Txawm hais tias cov teeb meem tseem nyob -xws li kev tswj hwm biofilm thiab tshwj xeeb tshem tawm cov kab mob sib kis-bio- cov pob tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev coj ua kev kho dej khib nyiab. Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis yuav nthuav dav lawv cov kev siv thiab kev ua tau zoo.
